QRP

Nedan hittar du en utdrag ur en mailinglista (diskussionsforum via e-mail) för de som håller på med QRP - dvs använder lågeffektssändare. Många av inläggen handlar om elektronik/hembyggen samt effektivare antenner. Tyvärr så är texten på engelska vilket gör att det kan vara svårt att hänga med i vissa diskussioner.
Har du själv någon text eller information som du skulle vilja ha publicerad så hör gärna av dig till mig.

                            QRP-L Digest 1091

Topics covered in this issue include:

  1) [10869] GAP Antennas - Eagle
        by kreinbd@ccgate.dl.nec.com (David Kreinberg)
  2) [10870] Ten Tec Model PM 1
        by William Penhallegon <w4stx@gte.net>
  3) [10871] Picture of DXCC Plaque Needed
        by ki6ds@dpol.k12.ca.us (Hendricks, Doug)
  4) [10872] Re: Dayton
        by "J. Skalski" <jskalski@acsu.buffalo.edu>
  5) [10873] Closed circuit to Indiana amateurs ...
        by mwattcpa@earthlink.net (Marty Watt)
  6) [10874] Super CMOS Keyer III?
        by TERRY MYERS <kq5u@swbell.net>
  7) [10875] re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
        by Chuck and Michele Snyder <csnyder@nextdim.com>
  8) [10876] Questions Re: NW QRP Club Contest 9/12/98
        by Bill Todd <bill@willapabay.org>
  9) [10877] Re: 1998 "Year of the New Rig??"
        by Richard Powell <ripowell@mpna.com>
 10) [10878] Bagged Two Foxes...The Hunt Begins
        by "Gary M. - W2UX" <mail4gary@worldnet.att.net>
 11) [10879]  re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
        by "Kevin Muenzler-WB5RUE" <wb5rue@ccnmail.com>
 12) [10880] re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
        by Bob Hightower <ki7mn@dancris.com>
 13) [10881] Re: GAP Antennas - Eagle
        by Ed Tanton <n4xy@att.net>
 14) [10882] RE: Super CMOS Keyer III? (use alkalines)
        by Conrad <radman@best.com>
 15) [10883] LED Keyer Builder's Report
        by John <kemkerj@xyzzy.net>
 16) [10884] Digitrex 40m sideband/cw rig FS/SWAP
        by W7LS <w7ls@blarg.net>
 17) [10885] Dentron 80m ssb/cw rig FS/SWAP
        by W7LS <w7ls@blarg.net>
 18) [10886] K2 to scale equals lust of a sort de AL7FS
        by "Jim Larsen (AL7FS)" <larsennc@alaska.net>
 19) [10887] lost address
        by "David Limbrick" <DAVLIM@xtra.co.nz>
 20) [10888] Re: Super CMOS Keyer III?
        by Larry Trullinger <kb0emb@tfs.net>
 21) [10889] On our way to Dayton
        by N9DD <N9DD@aol.com>
 22) [10890] Wanted: Old ARRL Callbooks(s)
        by Rogerio Gonzaga <gonzaga@med.up.pt>
 23) [10891] Help.Dayton?
        by "ukii" <ukii@megsinet.net>
 24) [10892] Re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
        by "David, n2zhy" <n2zhy@amsat.org>
 25) [10893] Las Vegas
        by Brad Mugleston <bmug@gwl.com>
 26) [10894] HW-8 Audio Board Needed
        by "Bryan Turner" <turnerw@email.uah.edu>
 27) [10895] Homebrew Generators/Lightplants
        by Greg Weinfurtner <gweinfurt1@ohiou.edu>
 28) [10896] qso
        by ac5ez@webtv.net (Larry B)
 29) [10897] re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
        by KC5TJA <kc5tja@topaz.axisinternet.com>
 30) [10898] CQC Meeting Saturday
        by "Marshall Emm" <mgemm@mtechnologies.com>
 31) [10899] info
        by tom whalen <whalen@swcp.com>
 32) [10900] Check out the Taunton Kit
        by "Frank G3YCC" <g3ycc@g3ycc.prestel.co.uk>
 33) [10901] RE: info
        by "Hulbert, Nick" <nick.hulbert@lmco.com>
 34) [10902] Re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
        by KV1V <KV1V@aol.com>
 35) [10903] MORSE CODE CD's
        by Ronald_A_Pfeiffer@res.raytheon.com
 36) [10904] Tnx fer nr!
        by tom whalen <whalen@swcp.com>
 37) [10905] Elecraft K2 Pricing Announcement
        by "Eric Swartz (WA6HHQ), EleCraft" <erics@elecraft.com>
 38) [10906] WA6HHQ Live from Dayton
        by "Paulette Quick, WB9VHF" <plquick@facstaff.wisc.edu>
 39) [10907] EurAmCom equivalents pages
        by Mel Evans <MelEvansGM6JAG@compuserve.com>
 40) [10908] Traffic
        by "Ron Polityka" <wb3aal@talon.net>

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 16:11:22 -0500
From: kreinbd@ccgate.dl.nec.com (David Kreinberg)
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10869] GAP Antennas - Eagle
Message-ID: <0007CDFE.4159@ccgate.dl.nec.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
Content-Description: cc:Mail note part
 

     Folks,

     If there's anybody left on earth not headed to
     Dayton, please give me some info. I'm looking into
     the GAP antennas and can use some good word/bad
     words advice. I'm looking at the Eagle, but am
     interested in the series in general, too.

     These guys have a nice web site and sound like
     they really did their homework on playing with
     the vertical.

     TIA. Be safe in Dayton, y'all!
 

     73 de Dave, NR3E
     QRP-L #25
     nr Dallas, TX
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 17:34:48 -0400
From: William Penhallegon <w4stx@gte.net>
To: Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10870] Ten Tec Model PM 1
Message-ID: <355A11F8.145F@gte.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Help.  Can anyone copy the manual that goes with this old rig for me?
Please reply direct. Tnx es 73, Bill  W4STX
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 14:44:48 -0700
From: ki6ds@dpol.k12.ca.us (Hendricks, Doug)
To: <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10871] Picture of DXCC Plaque Needed
Message-ID: <01bd7eb8$5a715160$630a0d0a@doug.dpol.k12.ca.us>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
        charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Does anyone know where I can view a picture of a DXCC Plaque from the ARRL
that shows a lot of detail?  If you have one and a digital camera, would
you
mind taking a nice clear close up and emailing it to me as a .jpg?  Also,
please measure it and let me know the measurements.  72, Doug, KI6DS
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 17:56:52 -0400 (EDT)
From: "J. Skalski" <jskalski@acsu.buffalo.edu>
To: "Fishman, Clark" <cfishman@pica.army.mil>
Cc: Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10872] Re: Dayton
Message-ID:
<Pine.GSO.3.96.980513175528.28663B-100000@callisto.acsu.buffalo.edu>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII

I am thirsty already.

Hope the wx is like here in Buffalo.

Spaces 747,748,749.  Drive carefully and avoid me on the road.
 

                                        73,

                                        Jim N2GO
                           The Buffalo QRP CONNECTION
                           ARCI #9013  QRP-L #381
                              Life member ARRL
                           jskalski@acsu.Buffalo.EDU
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 23:19:21 GMT
From: mwattcpa@earthlink.net (Marty Watt)
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10873] Closed circuit to Indiana amateurs ...
Message-ID: <355a2a14.12289968@mail.earthlink.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Do the Indiana callsign plates use the standard license plate background,=
 or
something different?  I know Indiana changed plate design this year -- =
will
the Amateur Radio Callsign plates use the same design?

Private replies to mwattcpa@earthlink.net please!
 

--
72 es 73 de Marty, KM7W
_____________________________________________________________________
=46ranklin, Tennessee               http://home.earthlink.net/~mwattcpa  =
=20
NorCal #2031 -- ARCI #7514 -- QRP-L #0953 -- AK/QRP #098 -- Grid EM65
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 19:26:07 -0400
From: TERRY MYERS <kq5u@swbell.net>
To: QRP-L <QRP-L@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10874] Super CMOS Keyer III?
Message-ID: <FFFFFFFF.E33A4D34@SWBell.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: multipart/alternative;
boundary="------------A975D1D3C94B55400E15D7E6"
 

--------------A975D1D3C94B55400E15D7E6
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

I have just built the main board of my keyer and have now gotten to the
power supply.  I thought I would use some NiCad batteries (I have a lot
of 1/2 AA cell batteries salvaged from cell phones).  Four of these will
give 4.8 volts, but I was curious about the current requirement of the
keyer. (The docs say nothing about this.)  Can some of you respond with
what you are using and the results you are getting. (battery life?)

Has anyone used a LM7805 or similar regulator + batteries with a 12v
supply coming from the QRP rig's battery?

I do want to use this keyer in the field and am looking for ideas.

Thanks in advance to all who respond.
 

--------------A975D1D3C94B55400E15D7E6
Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<HTML>
I have just built the main board of my keyer and have now gotten to the
power supply.&nbsp; I thought I would use some NiCad batteries (I have
a lot of 1/2 AA cell batteries salvaged from cell phones).&nbsp; Four of
these will give 4.8 volts, but I was curious about the current requirement
of the keyer. (The docs say nothing about this.)&nbsp; Can some of you
respond with what you are using and the results you are getting. (battery
life?)<FONT SIZE=+2></FONT>

<P>Has anyone used a LM7805 or similar regulator + batteries with a 12v
supply coming from the QRP rig's battery?

<P>I do want to use this keyer in the field and am looking for ideas.

<P>Thanks in advance to all who respond.
<BR>&nbsp;</HTML>

--------------A975D1D3C94B55400E15D7E6--
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 16:59:03 -0700
From: Chuck and Michele Snyder <csnyder@nextdim.com>
To: QRP <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10875] re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
Message-ID: <355A33C7.D0C827C6@nextdim.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi Gang,

    I just saw this movie called: Deep Impact (a movie about an astroid
smashing into earth) with another fellow ham, and I can't help from
wondering if I am still around during the next 30-years when it
supposedly will nearly impact the earth what sort of problems or
enhancements would it provide for us ham-types? Just wondering.  Any and
all comments are appreciated!

--
Chuck Snyder 73s de KD7BBF
http://www.nextdim.com/users/csnyder/index.htm
QRP-L #1462
Spokane, WA
 
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 17:09:44 -0700
From: Bill Todd <bill@willapabay.org>
To: Chuck Carpenter <w5usj@webwide.net>
Cc: nwq-l@scn.org, qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10876] Questions Re: NW QRP Club Contest 9/12/98
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980514000944.0070d3d8@willapabay.org>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

At 01:57 PM 5/13/98 -0500, you wrote:
>Bill,
>
>Great idea!  I'm looking forward to the event.  I have a couple of
>questions/comments.
>I have a building on our property that is fixed up as a cabin that sits on
>blocks.  It has grid power and AC but I plan to use my NW20 with a solar
>charged battery.

I don't think that Alan (KB7MBI) and I had considered that a person has to
pitch a tent in order to be "in the field".  You can certainly use an
existing cabin.  In fact, there is nothing that would prevent a person from
operating from their home QTH, although being out in the "field" sounds
like
a lot more fun.
>
>I plan to use a zip cord antenna too.   Can I use a previously zipped
>antenna which I would erect during the 1 hour period?
>
>72/73 -- Chuck, W5USJ, EM22cv

In order to qualify for the NERDS contest, you would have to build your
antenna "on site", (i.e., not more than one hour before the contest).
However, I expect that many ops will chose to design their antenna on paper
before getting to their operating position, so you could certianly have all
the design plans prior to the contest.

CUL, Bill-N7MFB
--
http://www.willapabay.com/~bill
ICQ me at #8926298
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 22:02:51 -0400
From: Richard Powell <ripowell@mpna.com>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10877] Re: 1998 "Year of the New Rig??"
Message-ID: <1.5.4.32.19980514020251.006a47c0@smtp.mpna.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

i can see it now. elmer 102 - sw15's!!!!
and next year,,,, elmer 103 - sw10's!!!!
sign me up!
73
/rick

At 12:16 PM 5/13/98 -0700, ki6ds@dpol.k12.ca.us (Hendricks, Doug) wrote:
clip
>Dave Benson's SW+ series on 40 & 30 and now 20 & 15 Meters!!  Plus HB
bigger clip
>
Richard Powell   WB6JBM   TENTEN - 13044
Director of Network Services, JDR Consulting Services, LTD.
ripowell@mpna.com   http://www.mpna.com/ripowell
ripowell@jdrconsulting.com http://www.jdrconsulting.com
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 22:49:39
From: "Gary M. - W2UX" <mail4gary@worldnet.att.net>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10878] Bagged Two Foxes...The Hunt Begins
Message-ID: <3.0.3.16.19980513224939.3dbfc3c2@postoffice.worldnet.att.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Well... got my first two foxes this evening (Wednesday).  Ten meters was
open late and  I started calling CQ.  Had two replys.  Many thanks to AB7MY
for being my first fox of the summer season and also thanks to K2VCO for
being the second.  Lots of QSB but complete contacts.

Hope that the band continues to open in the evening.   That is the best
time for me to get on.

I'm looking for all you guys!!  Get on Ten Meters!!

======================
72/73  de  W2UX
Gary McCaughey
Lexington, SC
CW is the REAL THING!
Use it....or lose it.
QRP-ARCI  QRP-L  CQC
======================
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 19:57:43 -0700
From: "Kevin Muenzler-WB5RUE" <wb5rue@ccnmail.com>
To: "Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion" <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10879]  re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
Message-ID: <BFMDBFNHGNEMCAAA@shared1-mail.whowhere.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
 

>Hi Gang,

>

>    I just saw this movie called: Deep Impact (a movie about an astroid

>smashing into earth) with another fellow ham, and I can't help from

>wondering if I am still around during the next 30-years when it

>supposedly will nearly impact the earth what sort of problems or

>enhancements would it provide for us ham-types? Just wondering.  Any and

>all comments are appreciated!

>

>--

>Chuck Snyder 73s de KD7BBF

>http://www.nextdim.com/users/csnyder/index.htm

>QRP-L #1462

>Spokane, WA

I thought it turned out that they miscalculated the trajectory and it will
miss us by about 6 million miles.  But who knows.....

Kevin, WB5RUE
wb5rue@ccnmail.com
http://www.qsl.net/wb5rue

---
No Jesus -- Know Fear
Know Jesus -- No Fear
 
 
 

CCNmail for your free web-based e-mail. http://www.ccnmail.com
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 20:04:51 -0700 (MST)
From: Bob Hightower <ki7mn@dancris.com>
To: csnyder@nextdim.com
Cc: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10880] re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
Message-ID: <199805140304.UAA19759@user2.dancris.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

At 04:59 PM 5/13/98 -0700, you wrote:
>Hi Gang,
>
>    I just saw this movie called: Deep Impact (a movie about an astroid
>smashing into earth) with another fellow ham, and I can't help from
>wondering if I am still around during the next 30-years when it
>supposedly will nearly impact the earth what sort of problems or
>enhancements would it provide for us ham-types? Just wondering.  Any and
>all comments are appreciated!
>
Depends on where you're standing, I guess :^).

72,73
Bob KI7MN Norcal 1228, QRP-L 271, ARCI 8918, CQC 274, AKQRP 30
http://www.dancris.com/~ki7mn
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 23:21:48 -0400
From: Ed Tanton <n4xy@att.net>
To: kreinbd@ccgate.dl.nec.com
Cc: "Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion" <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10881] Re: GAP Antennas - Eagle
Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.19980513232148.00ba86b0@postoffice.worldnet.att.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Hi Dave... look to the GAP website at:

                http://www.gapantenna.com/

73
__________________________________________________________
Ed Tanton   N4XY                                      EMAIL: n4xy@att.net
189 Pioneer Trail
Marietta, GA  30068-3466               TEL: (770)579-3933 V/MBX/FAX
__________________________________________________________
INTERESTS:   QRP     BoatAnchors   Test Equipment     Photography
CW: 99.9%             Mercury Paddle # 0214          QRP to 150W: 95%
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"Think you can, think you can't: either way you're right!"      Henry Ford
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 20:53:46 -0700
From: Conrad <radman@best.com>
To: "'kq5u@swbell.net'" <kq5u@swbell.net>, Low Power Amateur Radio
Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10882] RE: Super CMOS Keyer III? (use alkalines)
Message-ID: <01BD7EB1.40388900@radman.vip.best.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

Terry,

The CMOS-III has served as my primary keyer for many moons. Great keyer! =
I opted for alkalines due to their superior shelf-life. NiCds =
self-discharge as the rate of ~ 1% of residual C per day on average... a =
nasty characteristic. I use 3- "AA" cells (=3D4.5 volts) and my CMOS-III =
has been running for over a *year* on those original cells. The keyer's =
current requirements are miniscule - standby current is something like =
8-10 uamps! I leave mine powered all the time. Just grab and go! To =
further minimize battery packaging size, go with 3 "AAAs," or 3 "N" size =
in series. RS has the "N" size. Or, you can carefully remove the crimped =
end-cap on a standard 9V transistor battery and remove the 6 - 1.5V =
cells and re-wire them as 2 - 4.5 V packs in parallel - I know a couple =
of guys who've done this for Altoids packaging. Personally, I don't care =
for "3-legged" fixed regulators for this keyer because the regulators as =
so wasteful. With alkalines you'll have a truly portable keyer that can =
be used from rig to rig without worrying about the 12VDC requirement. =
Just my 2 cents... GL... I love that CMOS-III keyer!

72 - Conrad Weiss - NN6CW

************************=20

-----Original Message-----
From:   TERRY MYERS [SMTP:kq5u@swbell.net]
Sent:   Wednesday, May 13, 1998 4:26 PM
To:     Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion
Subject:        Super CMOS Keyer III?

 << File: ATT00009.htm >> I have just built the main board of my keyer =
and have now gotten to the
power supply.  I thought I would use some NiCad batteries (I have a lot
of 1/2 AA cell batteries salvaged from cell phones).  Four of these will
give 4.8 volts, but I was curious about the current requirement of the
keyer. (The docs say nothing about this.)  Can some of you respond with
what you are using and the results you are getting. (battery life?)

Has anyone used a LM7805 or similar regulator + batteries with a 12v
supply coming from the QRP rig's battery?

I do want to use this keyer in the field and am looking for ideas.

Thanks in advance to all who respond.
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 00:43:24 +0000
From: John <kemkerj@xyzzy.net>
To: kd1jv@moose.ncia.net
Cc: Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10883] LED Keyer Builder's Report
Message-ID: <355A301C.16C5E590@xyzzy.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

I received my LED Keyer kit today in the mail.

Nice little kit!  It went together real easy.  The instructions are
clear and understandable.  I only have two comments to make on the kit:

1)  How do you tell which is terminal A and which is terminal B on the
shaft encoder?  I guessed, since it's not marked.

2)  If you have access to the female connectors that will fit on the SIP
header blocks, then it makes the hookup on the board a *lot* easier.
I'll be heading over to Tech America tomorrow to hunt some of those
down.

This is one fun little kit and it beats the heck out of the MFJ-401C I
bought for more money!  I can definitely see this as a decent memory
keyer for a beacon transmitter for rocket recovery or foxhunting...

Steven Weber wrote:
>
> Howdy Gang,
>
> I made a couple of improvments to the memory function of the keyer.
>
> First, the message length space is now variable, instead of fixed at half
> the available space for each message. That means what ever memory space
> isn't used for the first message is available for use in the second
message.
>
> Second, once you start to play back a message, you can use the paddles to
> pause, stop or cause the message to endlessly loop, i.e., beacon mode.
>
> The last few parts needed to complete the kits should be here by next
week
> and they will ship shortly thereafter.
>
> 72,
> Steve, KD1JV....In the White Mountains of New Hampshire
>
> "Melt Solder"
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 21:15:55 -0700
From: W7LS <w7ls@blarg.net>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10884] Digitrex 40m sideband/cw rig FS/SWAP
Message-ID: <355A6FFB.14A7@blarg.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi, gang. Gee, sure wish I was on a plane to Dayton, about now. Oh well,
next year (maybe).
        I need to part with a neat little rig. Made by Digitrex a few
years back. Monoband. Covers 7.0 to 7.5 MHz. Double sideband and cw. Has
a digital readout (LED). Power output spec is 0-10 watts, dsb and cw.
Blue case, nicely silkscreened and everything. I have the original book
for it. It works. Just listened to 40 tonight and it was full of signals.
Checked the power out on my wattmeter and cw gave 5 watts. I didn't check
all over the band. May have been in a corner of the band. Maybe could be
tweeked.  $150 and UPS and it's yours. Cashier's check or MO would be
fine.
        73 de Jim, W7LS in Duvall, WA (not anywhere near Dayton, though)
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 21:31:46 -0700
From: W7LS <w7ls@blarg.net>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10885] Dentron 80m ssb/cw rig FS/SWAP
Message-ID: <355A73B2.3E5F@blarg.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi, again. Need to move out another rig to make room for the next rig.
Wish I could afford a collection, but alas......<sigh>.
        Dentron made this rig several years ago. It has a problem. It
blows one of the dual gate mosfets. I don't have time to work on it. Has
a digital display (LED). Being offered as-is. I have replaced the mosfet
and it works great, then starts to lose sensitivity and then cooks the
mosfet. Something like a 5 watt spec, I remember. I do have a copy of the
book, along with schematics. $125/swap for some other cute goodie.
        LSB and CW. Speaker inside. Really cute rig. Very small. Smaller
than a QRP+. Half that size or so. Meant for mobile, I think.
        73 de Jim, W7LS
 

------------------------------

Date: Wed, 13 May 1998 22:24:54 -0800
From: "Jim Larsen (AL7FS)" <larsennc@alaska.net>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10886] K2 to scale equals lust of a sort de AL7FS
Message-ID: <355A8E36.FAA78D8B@alaska.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Greetings from Alaska,

I had fun today.  I saved the new K2 picture from the Elecraft Home Page
to my HD and then inserted it into a MS Word document.  I then slide it
down to the bottom of the page and played with it until the face was
7.5" x 3.5".  I adjusted the margins to allow for the 7.5 inch wide
printing, saved the file,  and then printed to the color printer.  Next
came the ruler to measure out the 7.5 x 7.5 top of the rig.  Finally the
scissors trimmed off the tiny bit on each side and around the base of
the rig.  Fold over the top piece and prop up the rig in the ham shack.
Cool.

Just my little bit of silliness with the K2.  Maybe someday I will be
brave enough to try to build one.  Thank you Elmer.  :-)

73, Jim
--
Jim Larsen
Anchorage, Alaska
Acupressure Anchorage
AL7FS   ex-WA0LPK / KL7
2 meter WAS #36
Vision VR40 Recumbent Bike
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 21:37:34 +1200
From: "David Limbrick" <DAVLIM@xtra.co.nz>
To: "QRP-L Post Message" <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10887] lost address
Message-ID: <199805141000.WAA16744@cyclops.xtra.co.nz>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Sorry for yet another non qrp posting!
I promised to contact friends of a member of the qrp-l group but I have
lost all the details including a recent request to try again.
I'm sorry I don't even remember your name om.  Can you send me another
e-mail and a copy of my last reply to you, if possible, as it will save me
searching the telephone book again.
Sorry and I apologise for losing your name etc.  And again apologies to the
group.
73
Dave Limbrick  ZL2DL
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 05:10:35 -0500
From: Larry Trullinger <kb0emb@tfs.net>
To: kq5u@swbell.net, "Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion"
<qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10888] Re: Super CMOS Keyer III?
Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.19980514051035.007b3720@tfs.net>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Some great advice came off the QRPL list to me last year when I built my
CMOS III keyer.

Don't bother with an On/Off switch !  Just use 3 AA alkalines in series and
wire those puppies permanently to the PCB. After I built it, understood
why, beleive it pulled 50.1 uA, that is microAmps. At that rate it'll last
1.5 - 2 years on one set of batteries. I think I built mine in August last
year, still working FB on them original alkalines... The manual states 3.5
to 5.5 v power, but I would not go over 5.1 VDC, which means don't use 4
alkalines.

Don't remember who gave me this advice last year, but it works FB. The LM
7805 regulator will pull 5-10 ma in standby current, about 100 times what
the CMOS III uses in idle. The current during the keying jumps up to 25 or
so MA, mostly because of the speaker drive. One other note, be sure to
clean the flux from the PCB (leakage current on CMOS, not to mention
looks).
Good Luck!

72/73  Larry    QRP-L #1104
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 07:20:07 EDT
From: N9DD <N9DD@aol.com>
To: QRP-L@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10889] On our way to Dayton
Message-ID: <867bf44d.355ad368@aol.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit

Hi Gang

The car is packed, antennas and rigs installed, and we're ready to roll.

Tom, WB9VTY and I will be heading down to Dayton shortly. We'll be on 10
mtr
cw and USB as well as 2 FM. We're looking forward to seeing all the QRP
gang
there!

I'm taking a digital camera along and will be posting pictures on my web
page
after I get back. Look for them at: http://members.aol.com/n9dd

For those of you who won't be making it, see you next year?

73,

Tom  N9DD
South Bend, IN
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 12:02:14 +0100
From: Rogerio Gonzaga <gonzaga@med.up.pt>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10890] Wanted: Old ARRL Callbooks(s)
Message-ID: <3.0.5.32.19980514120214.0090d100@mail.med.up.pt>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Hi, folks,

Although I had already readen some parts of old ARRL Handbooks, only this
year I have bought my first issue,while in New York. However, I feel that I
could learn quite a lot if I had a couple of older issues, say one from
1950 to 1960 and another from 1970 to 1980, to compare the old and new
stuff.

So if anyone is willing to clear his library shelves and part with such
items, I wolud be very happ to buy them. Please state the price including
p&h to CT1.

Tks a lot and 72/73 de roger, CT1ETT
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 07:36:40 -0500
From: "ukii" <ukii@megsinet.net>
To: "qrp-l" <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10891] Help.Dayton?
Message-ID: <000201bd7f34$f5867aa0$f74e85d0@ns1.megsinet.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
        charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hello,,,
I know this is late,but I need to find out what time the
"gathering" is on Friday,after the banquet.
I am not going to the banquet but would like to show up at
the vendor social. I thought this was on Saturday...
Anyway,I am going to Dayton with a friend and I will have Friday and
Saturday night free so I want to meet all the qrpers...Where do I
go and hang out?
Thanks
John
n9ukx
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 09:59:18 -0400
From: "David, n2zhy" <n2zhy@amsat.org>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10892] Re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
Message-ID: <355AF8B6.20FA@amsat.org>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Chuck:

I have a friend, over at the Princeton University Astrophysics Lab, who
did extensive research back in the 70's when Skylab was threatening to
make a major impact upon its retirement.

He claimed that the military was investing large sums of money to fund
an upgrade to the old WW1 Prussian helmet.  You know, the one with the
spike on top.  Supposedly they make excellent early warning systems as
the known height of the spike makes rate of descent easy to calculate.

72
David
 

Chuck and Michele Snyder wrote:
>
> Hi Gang,
>
>     I just saw this movie called: Deep Impact (a movie about an astroid
> smashing into earth) with another fellow ham, and I can't help from
> wondering if I am still around during the next 30-years when it
> supposedly will nearly impact the earth what sort of problems or
> enhancements would it provide for us ham-types? Just wondering.  Any and
> all comments are appreciated!
>
> --
> Chuck Snyder 73s de KD7BBF
> http://www.nextdim.com/users/csnyder/index.htm
> QRP-L #1462
> Spokane, WA
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 08:11:20 -0600
From: Brad Mugleston <bmug@gwl.com>
To: "'qrp-l@lehigh.edu'" <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10893] Las Vegas
Message-ID: <01BD7F0F.E20ECE20@pps-pc10.gwl.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

I will be in Las Vegas next week.  My flight arrives late Saturday night =
the 16th and I leave Wednesday evening the 20th.  I am suppose to be in =
training all day long and my XYL will be with me  working on her tan BUT =
is there anything going on that I shouldn't miss out on?  I can always =
get sick and miss a few classes. =20

I will be at the Alexis Park Resort & Spa (37 E. Harmon Ave.) wherever =
that is.

Thanks

de KB0ROL, Brad
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 09:31:55 +0000
From: "Bryan Turner" <turnerw@email.uah.edu>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10894] HW-8 Audio Board Needed
Message-ID: <9805141431.AA19238@uahis1.uah.edu>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
 

I am un-modding an HW-8 that I bought at a hamfest a few years back.
I need the audio board that mounts on the side, inside of the case on
the right viewed from the front. If you have a parts rig I would like
to purchase this board. (You wouldn't believe the rats nest
audio amp/filter that I had to remove; calling it ugly bug would
grossly overstate the beauty of the mod.)
73 Bryan W8LN
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 10:47:41 -0400
From: Greg Weinfurtner <gweinfurt1@ohiou.edu>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10895] Homebrew Generators/Lightplants
Message-ID: <v03110703b1809c80f83c@[132.235.72.188]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Gang,
        I've just finished a few new homepages on my homebrew/modified
generators and I thought maybe that some of youse guys/gals on her may be
interested to see them.  There are schematics of the voltage regulators
too.

http://www.qsl.net/ns8o/welcome.html

        Don't know if I'll make the Big Show over at Dayton... I'm only 3
hours away via car, but family obligations are starting to loom over on the
horizon. CU there, maybe!

73 de Greg     NS8O
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 10:36:46 -0500
From: ac5ez@webtv.net (Larry B)
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10896] qso
Message-ID: <199805141536.IAA12023@mailtod-122.bryant.webtv.net>
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; CHARSET=US-ASCII
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7BIT
MIME-Version: 1.0 (WebTV)

The Hw8 is working quite well off the used gel cells. Nice qso with
W5BLR at 10;30 am, running 2 watts to his 5 watts.About a 380 mile hop.
Both antennas are dipoles. 40M  is in gud shape today..
Larry Ac5ez
 
 
 
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 08:31:45 -0700 (PDT)
From: KC5TJA <kc5tja@topaz.axisinternet.com>
To: Kevin Muenzler-WB5RUE <wb5rue@ccnmail.com>
Cc: Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10897] re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
Message-ID:
<Pine.LNX.3.96.980514083041.11583E-100000@topaz.axisinternet.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: TEXT/PLAIN; charset=US-ASCII

> I thought it turned out that they miscalculated the trajectory and it
will
> miss us by about 6 million miles.  But who knows.....

Astronomically speaking, 6 million miles is the equivalent of someone
shooting a gun, with the bullet whizzing audibly past your ear, but doing
no damage.

It's still too close for my comfort.

==========================================================================
      KC5TJA/6     |                  -| TEAM DOLPHIN |-
        DM13       |                  Samuel A. Falvo II
    QRP-L #1447    |          http://www.dolphin.openprojects.net
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 09:47:40 -0600
From: "Marshall Emm" <mgemm@mtechnologies.com>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU, cqc@mtechnologies.com
Subject: [10898] CQC Meeting Saturday
Message-ID: <199805141546.JAA15547@edison.chisp.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT

Just a reminder, the CQC meeting is this Saturday the 16th, at the
usual time and place which is 10:00am, Castlewood Library, Arapahoe
Rd and S. Uinta Sts.  Map on the web page at
http://www.mtechnologies.com/cqc.

Program is election of officers and a "super show and tell;" should
be a lot of fun.

Those attending Dayton get an automatic grudging leave pass, but we
hope to see everybody else there. [g]

Oh, and don't forget lunch afterwards at Bennet's Pit Barbeque!
 
 
 

73
Marshall Emm
N1FN/VK5FN
n1fn@mtechnologies.com
Milestone Technologies
Software, kits, tools...
http://www.mtechnologies.com
(303)752-3382
--
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 10:54:42 -0600
From: tom whalen <whalen@swcp.com>
To: Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10899] info
Message-ID: <355B21D2.708@swcp.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Lost my Tech America catalog and need another one. Can someone please
post me there 1-800 number please.

Thanks, Tom WB5QYT
--
Enjoying QRP!!
Rigs: Ten Tec Argo 509, SST-30, GM-15, OHR Spirit 40, Emtech NW20
      IC-706, 38S, 49er, Bare Essentials, Mizuho MX-7s, ST. Louis tuner
Org:  QRP-L 640, scQRPion 22, Norcal 1979, Fists 4465, ARS 396
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 18:20:59 +0000
From: "Frank G3YCC" <g3ycc@g3ycc.prestel.co.uk>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU, gqrp-l@blacksheep.org
Subject: [10900] Check out the Taunton Kit
Message-ID: <E0ya1gz-0002Z7-00@hen.scotland.net>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7BIT

See my web site for info and pic's on the excellent Taunton HF kit -
British and Brilliant!
--73--
Frank G3YCC G QRP 042
email: g3ycc@g3ycc.prestel.co.uk
QRP web Site: http://www.homeusers.prestel.co.uk/g3ycc/
Packet: G3YCC@GB7HUL
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 11:26:55 -0600
From: "Hulbert, Nick" <nick.hulbert@lmco.com>
To: Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>, tom whalen
<whalen@swcp.com>
Subject: [10901] RE: info
Message-ID: <5104C9F8B0B5D1118C250000F806253757C03C@emss02m13.ems.lmco.com>
Content-return: allowed
MIME-version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain

Here it is Tom,  the Tech America 800 numbers.

Phone: 1-800-877-0072

Fax:      1-800-813-0087

Nick KG5N
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 13:54:23 EDT
From: KV1V <KV1V@aol.com>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10902] Re: Killer Astroid Coming To A Planet Near You?
Message-ID: <f837c0d0.355b2fd0@aol.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=US-ASCII
Content-transfer-encoding: 7bit

kc5tja@topaz.axisinternet.com writes:

<<
 Astronomically speaking, 6 million miles is the equivalent of someone
 shooting a gun, with the bullet whizzing audibly past your ear, but doing
 no damage.

 It's still too close for my comfort.
  >>
Nah --- no sweat!
6 MegaMiles is about 750 earth diameters.  That's a bullet missing my
8-inch
head by about 500 feet!

Bob Moore - KV1V
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 13:48:28 -0400
From: Ronald_A_Pfeiffer@res.raytheon.com
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10903] MORSE CODE CD's
Message-ID: <85256604.00612C4A.00@ressud-as01.res.ray.com>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii

After 40 years of being lost I have returned to the world of CW and amateur
radio.....

To learn cw again I purchased the ARRL's "Your Introduction to Morse Code"
s two CD set..

I found that it all comes back so quickly.  Of course at the age of 14, 14
wpm was where
I was!  I'm already at 15 trying to get to 20WPM.   I do a lot of listening
and very little
communicating.
 

Now the reason for the post is that I no longer need the CD's.  I would
offer them out for say
a 2 month loan to anyone on the list that may need it.  Even a friend that
is new or trying
to enter the wonderful world of amateur radio.  I will pay the cost to ship
to you and you
pay the cost to ship it back.  Also if someone needs it for more than two
months, say
for a Cub Scout, Boy Scouts, etc group than no problem....

Just Trying to help - Ron  N1ZSW
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 12:41:10 -0600
From: tom whalen <whalen@swcp.com>
To: Low Power Amateur Radio Discussion <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10904] Tnx fer nr!
Message-ID: <355B3AC6.440B@swcp.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Thanks for the Tech America number!

72,Tom WB5QYT

--
Enjoying QRP!!
Rigs: Ten Tec Argo 509, SST-30, GM-15, OHR Spirit 40, Emtech NW20
      IC-706, 38S, 49er, Bare Essentials, Mizuho MX-7s, ST. Louis tuner
Org:  QRP-L 640, scQRPion 22, Norcal 1979, Fists 4465, ARS 396
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 12:14:52 -0700
From: "Eric Swartz (WA6HHQ), EleCraft" <erics@elecraft.com>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10905] Elecraft K2 Pricing Announcement
Message-ID: <355B42AC.26D7@elecraft.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

(Live from Dayton!)
>From Wayne, N6KR and Eric, WA6HHQ, to everyone interested in the K2:

Thanks for your patience regarding K2 pricing and target delivery.  Our
goal was to determine final pricing for the K2 and the first group of
options in time for Dayton, then do a simultaneous announcement both at
the Hamvention and on QRP-L.  Here it is!

        K2 (CW, 80-10m, 10W)    $549.00
        SSB Option                79.00
        160m/RX Ant.              29.00
        Noise Blanker             29.00

We are NOT taking orders at this time, but we are taking names and
callsigns for our first production priority list.  (Any money sent to
Elecraft before our official availability announcment will be returned,
so please hold off for the moment.)

These are introductory prices, subject to change.  We'll be updating the
web page with this information soon.  (Our apologies to those who signed
up on Elecraft's mailing list:  we left the list in Santa Cruz.
Otherwise you would have heard it first there.)

Delivery:

Above all, we intend to ship a high-quality, fully-debugged kit that
meets the needs of builders and offers high performance on both CW and
SSB.  To us, that means a field test of 40 to 100 units, which we are
scheduling for between Dayton and the end of summer.  After field test
results are in, we'll announce a production shipping date and begin
taking orders.

If you are interested but have not signed up yet, please send e-mail to
radios@elecraft.com.  The SUBJECT of your e-mail should be one of the
following:

Field Test    -- if you want to participate in the K2 field test.
                 (Field testers will be purchasing their K2's.
                  Full field test details will be on our web page
                  in the next two weeks.)

Priority List -- if you'd like to "take a number" and be in on the
                 first production run.

Those who have already sent us an equivalent message are already on our
lists.

Again, thanks for your interest in the K2.  There are only two of them
in the universe right now, but you will be the first to know when the
rest are on the radar. Listen for us on the air!

73/72,
Wayne & Eric
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 14:23:59 +0000
From: "Paulette Quick, WB9VHF" <plquick@facstaff.wisc.edu>
To: qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU
Subject: [10906] WA6HHQ Live from Dayton
Message-ID: <v03007803b180adb78c58@[144.92.104.135]>
Mime-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="us-ascii"

Eric and Wayne:  What's going on at Dayton?  How is FDIM?

anxiously awating every detail,

Paulette, WB9VHF
in Madison WI
with the flock o' five
plquick@facstaff.wisc.edu
 
 
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 16:17:55 -0400
From: Mel Evans <MelEvansGM6JAG@compuserve.com>
To: qrp-l <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Cc: gqrp <gqrp-l@blacksheep.org>
Subject: [10907] EurAmCom equivalents pages
Message-ID: <199805141618_MC2-3D04-2A78@compuserve.com>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Disposition: inline

Hi gang,

Pages up and running on this scene are now RESISTORS, WIRES< including
guage equivalents between US and British sizes, and Equivalents Needed.

Check it out on =
 

      < http://members.aol.com/EurAmCom/welcome.html >

                               I'll be adding Devices next, and this will=

be a listing of the "Top Ten" most common transistors in each type to sta=
rt
with, to make SPRAT conversions easy. More to come over this next week as=

time, (and XYL) allows.

Those of you who are into RV's and trailer caravans might want to look at=

Mel's other pages also

    < http://members.aol.com/bccscot/page1.html >

72 and 73 de Mel
GM6JAG
Edinburgh, Scotland UK
Home of the last HW9

Area Chairman, British Caravanner's Club
Web Pages <http://users.aol.com/bccscot/page1.html>

Alternate e-mail address: <melgm6jag@aol.com>

Authorised at 11kv, 33kv, and up to 275kv
 

------------------------------

Date: Thu, 14 May 1998 16:39:45 -0400
From: "Ron Polityka" <wb3aal@talon.net>
To: "QRP-L" <qrp-l@Lehigh.EDU>
Subject: [10908] Traffic
Message-ID: <005501bd7f78$715d87c0$525445c6@default>
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain;
        charset="iso-8859-1"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Boy you can tell there was a large portion of QRP-L
members heading to Dayton. Today I had 24 messages
compared to the 100 I usually get.

73, Good DXing & QRPing
Ron de WB3AAL

E-mail:   wb3aal@talon.net
http://www.kpsnet.com/wb3aal/Start_Page.htm
BBS:      WB3AAL @ WB3FYL.#BER.PA.USA.NA

EPA QRP # 1    QRP # 5318      10-10 # 13173
QRP-L # 1099   G-QRP # 3031   AK QRP # 309
Adventure Radio Society #380
 
 

------------------------------

End of QRP-L Digest 1091
************************
--------------------------------
 

 

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