STOCKHOLM ANTICANCER INSTITUTE
[Org.
No. 916643-9670]
GETFOTSVÄGEN
28
SE-122 46 ENSKEDE, STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN
Fax.
(46-8)-392 631
E-mail: 1) cbhuang@chello.se (valid); and 2) c-b.huang@stockholm.mail.telia.com (valid only before 2000-12-31)
Homepage:
1) http://communities.msn.com/AnticancerAdviserSACIStockholm/ (valid); 2)http://hem1.passagen.se/saci (valid only before 2000-12-31)
Alfred Nobel Said: "The
Greatest Benefit on Mankind"
Confucius Considered: "Gentlemen
Who Respect Each Other Are Different..."
Early
Prevention, Early Detection, Early Treatment
Against Cancer in Mentality and Body
Worldwide Together
INTRODUCTION
Stockholm AntiCancer Institute
(SACI) is a new, private, and mini research
company, whose motto is from Alfred Nobel's words "The Greatest Benefit on Mankind", whose socially ethical principle comes from
Confucius's words "Gentlemen
Who Respect Each Other Are Different," whose healthcare practice advocates
integrating Western with Eastern medicine, and whose scientific
direction follows the research guidelines of "Seeking Truth and Making Innovation" of leading scientists, leading doctors,
and leading organizations in the US, Europe, Asia, and other nations. SACI's
members, advisors, and liaisons consist of medical doctors,
researchers, professors, engineers, and other professionals at
hospitals, universities, academies and companies in Sweden, the
US, the UK, Canada, Mainland-China, and Taiwan-China. Dear
friends, if you are interested in the work of our company, you
are welcome to make letter, fax, or e-mail to us, we would serve
or cooperate with you as good as possible.
Our work contains several fields by
trying to learn some creams from both Western and Eastern
cultures and philosophies as follows:
- Medicine: Cancers in mentality and body and
possibly optimized treatment, based on the newly
conceptual psycho-oncology theory (the Mental Depression Carcinogen -- MDC hypothesized by Dr. Huang on 6 June
2000) and the Mental Health
Improvement Advise (MHIA) or Treatment (MHIT) to prevent normal or high-risk populations
from cancers and to assist cancer patients and family members
improve their mental and physical conditions during patients'
mainstream or/and alternative medical therapies;
- Natural science: Protein localization by using
histochemistry, immunohistochemistry (with particularly
highly sensitive SABC-DAB-Ni and PAPLB technologies developed by our company),
immunofluorescence, or Western blot, nuclear acid morphology
science (in situ hybridization for
mRNA and in situ PCR or in
situ RT-PCR for DNA amplification and
localization), new biotechnology development and related
biomedical information; and
- Social science: Strategy and policy in R&D,
scientific ethics and misconduct studies.
The American Cancer Society (ACS)
states in the ADVOCACY AND PUBLIC POLICY that "Cancer is a political, as well as medical,
social, psychological, and economic issue. Policy makers at all
levels of government make decisions every day which impact the lives
of more than 8 million cancer survivors, their families, and all
potential cancer patients. The Society's advocacy initiative
strives to influence public policies at all levels, with special
emphasis on laws or regulations..." That is, anti-cancer campaign is not
only scientific and medical but also advocating and governmental
affair indeed.
SACI (director now is Dr. Cun-Bing Huang, a Swedish-Chinese scientist, professor of tumor
pathology and biotechnology) and its members, advisors, liaisons
and friends, although facing some difficulties, have been
insisting on listening, learning and thinking in order to try to realize
better science, better medicine, and better society, focusing on
the followings:
1. Arranging
small international anti-cancer and other programs (non profit);
2. Developing
and improving biotechnology with a mini-journal and a mini-newsletter
(non profit);
3. Participating in the
international education program of promoting research freedom, creativity,
and responsibility, and the activity of struggling for human
values, honors and social progress, with a mini-journal and a
mini-newsletter (non-profit);
4. Planning
profit work when available.
NON-PROFIT
WORK
1. Arranging Small International
Anti-Cancer and Other Programs
1) Research Experience in Science,
Medicine and Society:
- The experience of
participating in research programs of clinical and basic aspects
on inflammation, precancer, cancer, physiology,
toxicology, neurobiology and psycho-oncology has been
obtained by key members of SACI's.
Concerning the importance of integration of basic and
clinical research, we have paid attention to using modern
body, organ, tissue, cell and molecular techniques to try
to improve and create better or new medical treatments. These
technologies include clinical data analysis of disease
information (including tumor's), histology,
histochemistry, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, in
situ hybridization, cell culture, electron
microscopy, computerized imaging analysis, Western/Southern/Northern
blots, PCR or RT-PCR, transgenic model, modernization of acupuncture/traditional
Chinese medicine theory and practice, and in particular mental factors in
cancer initiation, progress, prevention, and treatment
at hospitals, universities, and research institutions.
- In addition, since 1995, social science in R&D
strategy, leadership's role in science, technology,
healthcare and economy, scientific ethics and misconduct
studies, and culture/civilization dialogue between
Western and Eastern world in the globalizing 21st century
has also been concerned. [Back to
Top]
2) Carcinogenesis and
Anticarcinogenesis:
- Cancer, as a disease, was primarily recorded in Egypt more
than three thousand years ago. The American
Cancer Society mentioned that "The origin
of the word cancer is credited to the Greek physician Hippocrates (460-370
B.C.), considered the 'Father
of Medicine.' Hippocrates
used the terms 'carcinos' and 'carcinoma' to describe
non-ulcer forming and ulcer-forming tumors. In Greek
these words refer to a crab, most likely applied to the disease
because the finger like spreading projections from a cancer
called to mind the shape of a crab. Carcinoma is the most
common type of cancer" (www.cancer.org).
- It was once roughly known that cancer was a complex
disease with multiple causes, multiple step development
and multiple factors (including proteins) participation.
However, since carcinogenesis theory with three
key carcinogens--chemical,
radiation, and virus--was established,
and since in particular the proto-oncogene ("cellular oncogene"), viral oncogene
and tumor suppressor gene
(antioncogene) were disclosed, following milestone discoveries
or historic projects such as DNA structure, human genome
sequencing, computing module, and information technology in
the 20th century, CANCER,
one of the cruelest human-killers, has been facing the
most effective challenge by worldwide cancer-researchers,
oncologists and all other advocates against tumor in
either Western medicine or Eastern medicine or the both
of integration. [Back
to Top]
- Professor J. Michael
Bishop, 1989
Nobel Laureate for
co-discovering oncogenes(together shared with Dr. Harold Varmus), Chancellor
at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF: http://www.ucsf.edu), pointed out that "The seemingly countless causes of
cancer--tobacco, sunlight, asbestos, chemicals, viruses,
and many others--all these may work in a single way, by
playing on a genetic keyboard, by damaging a few of the
genes in our DNA. An enemy has been found, and we are beginning
to understand its lines of attack" (Gene &
Development 1995, 9:1309-1315). A
proposal to early detect AIDS related tumor viruses
(HHV-8) was provided to Professor
Peter Biberfeld at the Karolinska
Hospital and Professor Hans Wigzell
at the Karolinska Institute. [Back
to Top]
- Anti-carcinogenic and
anti-toxic activities in the human body immune system, consisting
of CD cells, B-lymph cells and antibodies, T-lymphocytes
and other types of cells, enzymes and many other
proteins, take place everyday to keep body in health. When
one suffers from cancer, one's immune system functions intensely. And
psycho-immunological factors may to a varying extent
influence cancerous disorder's recovery, release or
progress. Many real stories of patients may be worth
reading, and surely cancer
not only is curable if early detected and early treated
but also, although extremely occasionally, may be
auto-recovering if immune
capacity is effectively activated [Huang
CB, Dai ZD. Psychological factors' impacts on cancer or
suspected cancer patients. Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion 1998,
3(5):12-13]. In addition, cancers, usually are disorders
in aging persons, so fearing cancer may be neither wise
nor helpful to the "Mental
Health." However, some cancers (sarcoma,
leukemia, or some special type of carcinoma, e.g.) may
occur in young people or even children, learning how to
early find out signals is important. An old Chinese proverb pronounced
as "Xiao Dui Ren Sheng" that
is meant "Man should
always be optimized to his life." If
we can "Xiao Dui Ren Sheng," we are able to
overcome difficulties including cancer(s) step by step
and then we are able to enjoy life values. Mr. LUO gongliu, a famous
painter at age of over 80 years old in China, who have
suffered 5 kinds of cancers since he was over 60 years
old, has conquered such malignant tumors' attaches
(including metastasis) by bearing optimistic spirit and
confidence, by strengthening immune capacities, by choosing
suitable sanatorium, by well cooperating with good
doctors, and by well communicating and discussing between
him (a cancer-patient) and his doctors (People's Daily
23 June 2000).[Back to Top]
- A hypothesis on "Mental
Depression Carcinogen" -- A New or the 4th Carcinogen in Addition
to the Known Three Types of Chemical, Radiation and Virus
Carcinogens was on 6 June 2000 proposed
and presented to the leading professors at the Karolinska Institute
(KI) such as Professor of
Immunology Hans Wigzell (President at KI)
as well as other experts for considering the possibility
of whether or not it is worth investigating in order to
identify the authenticity and reproducibility of the hypothesis
by designing and executing experiments (also see 3.6 For Reproducible Science at the
Karolinska Institute).
- Nancy Brinker,
Founding Chair at the Susan
G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation (Linda Peterson,
Chairwoman of the Board) in the
US, whose nice, pretty, charming sister Susan G. Komen
was a victim of breast cancer at age of only 36, said
that "We must not, for
a moment, underestimate what we're up against. This is a
race we have to win. By working together, we can do it"
(http://www.komen.org).
Also see "1.4. Yin-Yang Philosophy and
Meridian Theory in Western and Eastern Medicine"
below.
- In a word, principally still, Early
Prevention, Early
Detection or Diagnosis, and Early
treatment are key weapons to fight against all types of
cancers. [Back to Top]
3) Possibility of Mental
Health Improvement Treatment (MHIT) Against Cancer:
- As described in 1.2. Carcinogenesis and
Anticarcinogenesis, a conceptually scientific hypothesis
"Mental
Depression Carcinogen" (MDC) was presented for research consideration
to leading scientists at the Karolinska Institute in June
2000. The MDC theory will be more and more
sent to diverse experts in the world to discuss, debate
and identify the authenticity and reproducibility of MDC theory.
- On the other hand,
inspired by modern molecular tumor-biology (feedback or
balance between proto-oncogenes and antioncogenes with
their functional proteins and between growth factors and
anti-growth factors, e.g.), inspired by Friedrich Nietzsche's
philosophy spirit (constantly striving to become stronger to
challenge suppression), inspired by Sigmund and Anna Freud's psycho-analysis and
treatment for sick children with mental
problems, inspired by mediation in religions,
inspired by the World Federation for Mental
Health (www.wfmh.com), and inspired by Chinese traditional
medicine theories (e.g., Yin-Yang philosophy), in the sense of medical practice
needs in psycho-physiology, psycho-pathology,
psycho-immunology and psycho-oncology, SACI, based
on the MDC hypothesis, proposed healing
method against cancer and related disorders -- Mental Health
Improvement Advise (MHIA) or Treatment (MHIT) that needs to be researched
and improved and that may function in helping early
educate, early prevent and early treat cancer-risk
populations, suspected cancer-bearing persons, and
diagnosed cancer patients in differently ethnic
societies, by integrating
the healing arts from Western and Eastern medicine, and
by employing the creams from Western and Eastern
philosophy. [Back to Top]
4) Yin & Yang Philosophy and
Meridian Theory in Western and Eastern Medicine and Cancer
Research:
- In order to evaluate possible role of the alternative
medicine including acupuncture, we got permissions from Scientific American
in New York, and reprinted Dr.
John Rennie (Editor in Chief)'s important
article "A Stab in the Dark" (Sci Am
1998 January, p6) in Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion 1998,
3(4):1. At the same time, we showed our immature point of
view with a mini-review "Alternative
medicine and modern medical sciences: Acupuncture and the
meridian theory" [Anticancer Digestion & Discussion 1998,
3(4):2-5]. [Back to Top]
- Fu Hsi in 2,800 B.C. created the Yin & Yang
Philosophy.
And through over 2,000 years of observations and studies,
the philosophy has been finally accepted in conjugation
with Meridian
Theory to
comprehensively guide acupuncture healing arts since
about 500 B.C. ago, and then to guide traditional Chinese
medicine that has influenced or formed traditional healing arts
also in Korea, Japan and other Asian nations. Since
decades ago it, as one of alternative or complementary
medicines, has been accepted and studied in the US,
Canada, Europe, Australia, South America, Africa and the
rest of the world. Yin
& Yang philosophy and meridian theory may contain potentially
medical science mechanism that may be perhaps worth
investigating by employing modern technologies and modern theories, which may to varying extents
lead to solving some scientific and medical problems that
have puzzled scientists, bio-engineers, oncologists and physicians
for a long time. [Back to Top]
- In Yin & Yang
Philosophy,
simply speaking, its core values may contain the follows: 1) All matters and lives in the heaven and
the earth of the universe represent a harmony or a
balance, or a change or a development of Yin and Yang forms. The harmony or balance of Yin and Yang is relative and the
change or development of Yin and Yang is absolute; 2) Yin and Yang are opposite but
dependent upon each other and conditioning one another; 3) Yin contains Yang and Yang contains Yin; 4) What Yin fades becomes Yang and what Yang fades becomes Yin; 5) Yin and Yang are not permanently
stable, so that both of them tend to changing and
developing in order to reach a new harmony or balance; and 6) Yin and Yang will go into empty if the energy
of a matter or a life is totally consumed. [Back
to Top]
- Dr. I. Bernard Weinstein, Professor and
Distinguished Investigator at Columbia University
in New York (www.columbia.edu),
who was the first winner of the Anthony Dipple
Carcinogenesis Senior Investigator Award
(2000 May), issued a commentary "Disorders in cell circuitry during
multistage carcinogenesis: the role of homeostasis"
in Carcinogenesis 2000, 21(5):
857-864 (www.carcin.oupjournals.org).
Dr. Weinstein has fantastically used Yin-Yang philosophy
to try to explain a series of cell growth controlling
genes and their activities during homeostatic feedback
loops in cell cycle circuitry and he has defined Yang's cyclin
D1, cyclin E, mitogens-ras-raf, p16, cyclin D1, cyclin
D1-mdm2, and Yin's p27-p21-Rb,
p27, p21, Rb, Rb, p53 and their specifying,
exchanging and conditioning one another, stating "...
we hypothesize that homeostatic feedback mechanisms play
a critical role in multistage carcinogenesis.
Furthermore, because of their bizarre circuitry, cancer
cells suffer from 'gene addiction' and 'gene
hypersensitivity' disorders that might be exploited in
both cancer prevention and chemotherapy."
- In the 1990s, as many researchers did, we also observed
that precancer and cancer cells within a lesion focus in
the same cancer or/and other cancers in the human stomach
had different protein expressions in sort and intensity
identified by histochemistry or/and electron microscopy (Cancer 1986,57:1376; Histopathology 1988,12:503; Anticancer Research 1988,8:829; Chinese
Journal of Oncology 1984,3:313,
e.g.). Following cell and molecular pathology progress,
recently microarray of DNA (microchip) technology has shown
that cancer cells in a cancer lesion often had diverse
gene expressions by fluorescent label or that "DNA
arrays reveal cancer in its many forms," which
is very useful to helping cancer diagnosis and therapy
including gene-therapeutics (Science 2000,289:1672).
Although a expression of genes and their coding proteins seems
to be very complicated, yet the expression of
genes--proteins might, in accordance with Yin-Yang philosophy as
mentioned-above, be classified into Yin
genes and Yang genes
theoretically, mightn't they? [Back
to Top]
5) A Mini Magazine:
- "Anticancer Digestion
& Discussion" (ACDD) (ISSN 1104-1463
for both electronic and printing versions with the same
title and the same contents; Online web address since 1997: http://hem1.passagen.se/saci), edited
by SACI, has been
issued in Stockholm since 1996-08-09,
which has focused on promoting research freedom,
creativity, integrity, responsibility and strategy, led
and encouraged via their writings, reports and
publications by the US
National Academy of Sciences, the US National
Academy of Engineering, the US Institute
of Medicine and PNAS,
the AAAS
and its magazine Science, Nature, and Scientific American, JAMA, Academic
Medicine, Nature
Medicine, British Medical Association
and BMJ, The Lancet, the Karolinska
Institute, the Danish
Committee on Scientific Dishonesty,
Chinese Medical Association and Chinese Medical Journal, Academia Sinica in Taipei,
and many others.
- A purpose of ACDD
is trying to learn and get the creams of the advanced knowledge
of science, technology and medicine and to build a
dialogue between Western and Eastern cultures, philosophies
and civilizations in a harmony way. [Back to Top]
6) Learning from Top
Comprehensive Academic Magazines, Top Medical Journals and Top
Cancer Organizations:
- Nature
(Chief Editor Dr. Philip
Campbell) with online (http://www.nature.com/nature), one
of the most influentially academic journals with the
longest history in the scientific world, has been
strategically creating the English-Japanese/Korean/Chinese
versions to meet the rapidly expanding Asia-Pacific
region in economics, science, technology development, from
which we have learnt so much and from which we will be
learning much more.
- Science
(Editor-in-Chief Professor
Donald Kennedy, and Editor Dr. Ellis Rubinstein)
with online (http://www.sciencemag.org),
one of the most influentially academic journals of AAAS,
from which with the same learning style, we have obtained
lots of particularly scientific nutrition and inspiration.
- PNAS (Editor-in-Chief Professor
Nicholas Cozzarelli) with online (http://www.pnas.org), the
well-known academic magazine of the US National Academy
of Sciences, from which with the same learning style, we
have absorbed lots of scientific nutrition and
enlightenment.
- Scientific American (Editor
in Chief Dr. John Rennie) with online (www.sciam.com), the famously popularized scientific
magazine, from which with the same learning style,
we have obtained lots of particularly scientific
nutrition and brainstorms.
- Cell
(Chief Editor Dr. Benjamin
Lewin), the well-noted biomedical journal,
from which with the same learning style, we have known
lots of usefully biomedical knowledge.
- The Sciences with online (http://www.nyas.org ), the noted scientific popularized
magazine, from which we have got lots of
scientific nutrition and motivation.
- Journal of the American
Medical Association (www.jama.com), the well-noted medical
journal of the American
Medical Association in the US.
- British Medical Journal (http://bmj.com), the well-known
medical magazine of the British
Medical Association in the UK.
- The Lancet
(www.thelancet.com),
the famous medical journal with the longest history in the
UK.
- New England Journal of
Medicine (www.nejm.org), the
well-noted medical magazine in the US.
- Nature Medicine
(http://medicine.nature.com),
the prestigious medical journal of Nature's sister
in New York although its history is not long.
- Chinese Medical Journal (www.cmj.org), the
well-known medical publication of the Chinese Medical Association,
is the longest history medical magazine in China.
- Experimental Cell
Research (www.idealibrary.com),
the well-noted biomedical journal with the head-office at
the Medical Nobel Institute of the Karolinska
Institute in Sweden.
- American Cancer Society
(ACS: www.cancer.org)
with the worldwide famous journal Cancer
(http://www.interscience.wiley.com/canceronline)
is the biggest private organization against cancer in the
US and the world as well.
- International Union Against
Cancer -- Union
Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC: http://www.uicc.org) with
the well-noted publications International
Journal of Cancer, UICC Calendar
(http://calendar.uicc.org),
and UICC News in Switzerland is
one of the most important anti-cancer organizations in
the world.
- National Cancer Institute
(NCI) with the well-noted publication Journal of the National
Cancer Institute (http://jnci.oupjournals.org)
is the US governmental research institution of cancer in
Bethesda, Maryland in the US.
- American Association for
Cancer Research (AACR: www.aacr.org) with the well-known Cancer Research
journal is one of the prestigious organizations in the
US.
- Carcinogenesis
(www.oupjournals.org)
is a well-noted international magazine in the US and the
UK.
- British Journal of
Cancer (www.idealibrary.com)
is a well-known publication held by the Cancer Research
Campaign (CRC) in the UK.
- European Organization for
Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC: www.eortc.be) in Belgium
with the European
Journal of Cancer (www.ejconline.com) is one
of good research centers of cancer.
- Cancer Causes &
Control (www.wkap.nl) is a noted
journal at the Harvard Center for Cancer
Prevention in the US.
- M. D. Anderson Cancer
Center (www.mdanderson.org)
at the University of Texas was ranked
the Number One Cancer
Center by the U.S. News & World
Report's latest issue about America's Best Hospitals'
survey (17 July 2000) and the hospital is also famous
with the Integrity Principle,
stating "The Mission
of The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center
is to eliminate cancer in Texas, the nation and the world through
outstanding integrated programs in patient care,
research, education and prevention. Vision.
We shall be the premier cancer center in the world, based
on the excellence of our people, our research-driven patient
care and our science. We are Making
Cancer History. Core Values. Caring: By our
words and actions, we create a caring environment for everyone. Integrity: We
work together to merit the trust of our colleagues and
those we serve. Discovery:
We embrace creativity and seek new knowledge" (www.mdanderson.org).
- Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory (CSHL: www.cshl.org) is worldwide famous
with its highest standards of research and education,
briefly mentioning that "CSHL
is a research and educational institution. The Laboratory
has research programs focusing on cancer, neurobiology, plant genetics,
genomics and bioinformatics, and a broad educational
mission, including the recently established Watson School
of Biological Sciences." Dr. James Watson, 1962 Nobel Laureate
for co-discovering DNA structure (shared with British biochemist Dr. Francis Crick),
the Revolutionary
Innovation in Biomedical and Cancerous Sciences,
is President at CSHL.
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Cancer Center (MSKCC: www.mskcc.org), New York
is the oldest private cancer center with advanced
research and clinics in the US. Dr. Jimmie Holland, Chair
of the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences
at MSKCC, chiefly edited with colleagues the important
book "Psycho-oncology"
in 1998. Dr. Harold Varmus, 1989 Nobel Laureate
and former Director at the US National Institutes of Health,
is now President at MSKCC.
- Imperial Cancer Research
Fund (www.icnet.uk)
in UK is the biggest cancer research organization in
Europe.
- International Agency for
Research of Cancer (IARC: www.iarc.fr) in France is well-known
as a part of the World Health Organization
of the United Nations. [Back to
Top].
- World Cancer Research Fund
(WCRF: www.aicr.org) in London,
UK and the American
Institute for Cancer Research (AICR: www.aicr.org) in the US
are well-known to co-publish the important book "Food, Nutrition and the
Prevention of Cancer: a global perspective"
(ISBN 1-899533 05 02) in 1997.
- Swedish Cancer Society
(www.cancerfonden.org)
in Stockholm is the biggest cancer foundation in Sweden.
- Other good journals and organizations in science,
technology, medicine, cancer, economics, literature,
history, arts and philosophy as well.
7) A Mini-Newsletter:
- Since 9 September 1999, SACI has published an
international mini-newsletter «Ke Ji Yu She Hui» Science-Technology-Society (STS)/Vetenskap-Teknologi-Samhälle (VTS) in
the simplified Chinese GB (ISSN 1404-3432).
- STS's purpose is to try to
facilitate Chinese-speaking researchers' or sinology-scholars' information
exchange in R&D strategy and policies, creativity and
responsibility, philosophy and dialogue between Western
and Eastern cultures in a tiny scale. Until now seven
issues have been published. [Back
to Top]
8) Professional Members and
Advocates Against Cancer:
- As members of the American
Association for Advancement of Science (AAAS), Washington, DC, USA,
the New York Academy of Sciences (NYAS), New York, USA, the Swedish Cancer Society (Cancerfonden), Stockholm,
Sweden, the Swedish Society for
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (SFBM), Sweden, European Network on
Young People and Tobacco (ENYPT) supported by the Europe Against Cancer Programme, Helsinki, Finland, the Chinese Medical Association Society
of Pathology (CMASP), Beijing,
the Chinese Anti-Cancer
Association (CACA),
Tianjing, the Chinese Association for Integration of
Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, and the Asia Pacific Association of Societies of
Pathologists (APASP), Beijing, China, we echo,
support and join their academic activities. [Back to Top]
- As anti-tumor plus anti-tobacco advocates,
we have been keeping contacting with and learning from
the International Union Against Cancer
(UICC) with its
publications such as the UICC
Calendar (http://www.calendar.uicc.org),
the UICC News
and the International
Journal of Cancer, Geneva, Switzerland
(http://www.uicc.org),
and the American Cancer
Society (ACS)
with the famous journal Cancer,
Atlanta, USA; and as advocates
for cancer prevention in diets and lifestyles,
we have been maintaining communicating with and learning from
the World Cancer Research
Fund (WCRF)
in London, UK and the American
Institute for Cancer Research (AICR), USA, with
their publications Science News
and a book "Food,
Nutrition and the Prevention of Cancer: a global
perspective." And more communication,
learning and cooperation with more scientific and anti-cancer
organizations will be planned and performed in the 21st
century.
- It is widely accepted that TOBACCO
is the only known single chemical carcinogen that can
directly cause many types of precancers and cancers in
lung, breast, and many other organs, and can also cause
many cardiovascular diseases. Echoing UICC's and American Cancer
Society's appealing and efforts, we have
been trying our role to join international activities to
realize a Tobacco-Free
Planet in the near future.
9) HIV/AIDS Risk and Reproducible
Science:
- "Declaration
for AIDS sufferers" is a title of Nature's editorial (2000, 406:1), summarizing
"A declaration about HIV as the cause of
AIDS should be accepted and thus bring an end to a tragic
debate in South Africa." In view of which
President Thabo Mbeki in South Africa sparked to "re-evaluate"
the cause of AIDS, a commentary ("Durban Declaration" Nature 2000, 406:15-16) stated "The
declaration has been signed by over 5,000 people,
including Nobel prizewinners, directors of leading research
institutions, scientific academies and medical societies,
notably the US National Academy of Sciences, the US
Institute of Medicine, Max Planck Institutes, the
European Molecular Biology Organization, the Pasteur
Institute in Paris, the Royal Society of London, the AIDS
Society of India and the National Institute of Virology
in South Africa."
- Although scientific truth
sometimes does not depend on how many people support or believe,
yet a key question perhaps is that HIV as the cause of AIDS
has been strongly identified by great numbers of
reproducible experiments worldwide, HIV/AIDS theory is
true therefore it has been accepted by the globally
scientific community. Only a few scientists' opinions doubt the
theory but they have shown no repeatedly scientific evidence
so far.
- Nature reminds us of which "HIV causes AIDS. Curbing
the spread of this virus must remain the first step
towards eliminating this devastating disease" (Nature 2000, 406:15-16).
- Reproducibility is a key to not only HIV/AIDS
theory but also Any Scientific Experiment or Theory for
Anyone Anytime and Anywhere, Isn't It? [Back to Top]
10) Leadership Role in the
Advancement or the Retrogression of Science, Technology,
Economics and Society:
- It is well known that good
conduct in scientific research can lead to good, stable,
truthful results of science and technology, so can it in
economics and society. In other words, characters, capabilities
and responsibilities of leaders will be influencing the
results in either science and technology, or economics
and society.
- Therefore, it is
fundamentally important to improve or better leadership, in order for leaders
to adapt new phenomena or new historical tides;
and therefore, a good leadership should perhaps have some
essential conditions to keep balance or harmony between power-independence
and power-conditioning each other, dignified and reasonable
constitution or guidelines, fair laws or
acts, and justice and renewing policies.
- On the other hand, many
great thinkers or/and spiritual leaders in the human history
have, since decades/hundred/thousand years ago,
repeatedly recognized and emphasized
the importance and the necessity of individual leaders'
continuing cultivation for getting balance or harmony
among creativity,
wisdom, bravery, resolution, sense of justice, integrity,
morality, compassion, and responsibility.
- Historically
people all over the world have very well learnt and known how and what a better
leadership brought them about, while comparing with how and
what a worse leadership did. We will thus discuss
and try to study how and what a leadership has functioned for
people and society in such a way. [Back to Top]
2. Development and Improvement of
Biotechniques with a Mini-Journal and a Mini-Newsletter
1) Proteomics and Advancement of Protein Expression and Localization
Technology:
- After genome sequencing era, proteomics (protein
expression and function), phenomics
and epigenomics will
be paid much attention to more and more in order to benefit
needs of pharmacology (drug target proteins), development
biology (gene-coding proteins' roles in cell/tissue formation,
growth and differentiation) and tissue/organ engineering
or cloning (how to turn on or off genes through their
coding proteins).
- In Molecular Proteomics,
new methods are recently used to know protein
functional linkage, for example, two-hybrid
screen to a genome-wide assay to detect protein-protein
interactions in yeast cells and analysis
of correlated mRNAs (encoding proteins) expression.
In molecular bioinformatics,
the technologies for protein functional linkages are
employed: 1) phenogenetic profile to
determine each protein is either present or absent in
each genome, resulting in whether two protein's function
link; 2) analysis of fusion patterns of protein domains;
and 3) gene neighbor method (Nature
2000, 405:823, 837).
- Cellular Protein
Localization, as an inseparated
part of proteomics, is, we consider, also
essential. For instance, diverse histochemical (e.g.., Cancer
1986,57:1370-1375; Histopathology
1988,12:503-515) and in particular immunohistochemical
(e.g., Chinese Medical
Journal 1998, 111:1007-1012: http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/periodical/zhcmj/981111.htm)
procedures are still useful to identify and localized
genes-coding proteins in cells, tissues and organs in
both animal and human experiments. In cellular bioinformatics,
computerized morphometry and computing module techniques
are able to quantify and figure genes complex activities
(via encoded proteins-network
expressions) in physiological or pathological tissues or
organs, benefiting both drug design (Scientific America
2000 July 46-51) and tissue/organ engineering or cloning
[Scientific America 1999; Anticancer Digestion &
Discussion 4(6):12-15] in both the present
and the future.
- An improved strept/avidin/biotin
complex/DAB-nickel enhancer (SABC-DAB-Ni) immunohistochemistry has
been set up at the Karolinska Institute and our company
with perhaps the highest
sensitivity but still specificity as well as acceptable
background [Huang CB:
Developed biotechnique to better preserve and
immunohistochemically label cytochrome enzyme P450 and
its use of antibody screening: Potential significance in
basic science and biomedical industry. Anticancer Digestion &
Discussion 1996,1:5-7; and Huang
CB: immunohistochemical localization of
cytochrome P450 2C and 4A enzymes in the normal rat
brain. Chinese Medical
Journal 1998, 111 (11):1007-1012: http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/periodical/zhcmj/981111.htm]. [Back to Top]
- This improved immunohistochemical method is linked with
the basic mechanisms of the well known world
firstly practical ABC immunohistochemical technique with
very high sensitivity and very high specificity,
established by Dr. Su-Ming Hsu (now Professor and Vice
President at the National Taiwan
University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan) in 1981
at the Brown University Rhode Island Hospital in
the US (Hsu SM et al: Use of avidin-biotin-peroxidase
complex (ABC) in immunoperoxidase techniques: A
comparison between ABC and un-labeled antibody (PAP)
procedure. Journal of
Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 1981,
29:577-580; Hsu SM et al: A comparative
study of the peroxidase-anti-peroxidase method and an
avidin-biotin complex method for studying polypeptide
hormone with radio-immunoassay antibodies. American Journal of Clinical Pathology
1981, 75:734-738). [Back to Top]
- Potentially advanced protein
localization biotechnology (PAPLB) has been set
up by a key member of our company at the Karolinska Institute. The
improved biotechnique for cellular proteomics contains
three key parts: (1) the
optimized animal perfusion procedure (OAP); (2) the
optimized tissue process procedure (OTP); and (3)
the improved SABC-DAB-Ni immunohistochemistry
(mentioned-above) with perhaps
the highest sensitivity and still specificity [Huang CB: PAPLB-CI-EM
protein quantitative localization comprehensive
technology (PCE) in understanding protein machine
complex functions within a cell and between cells. Anticancer Digestion &
Discussion 1999,4(6):8-10]. For
example, the method is able to well preserve and well
immunohistochemically localize cytochrome
P-450 enzymes (P450s)
in hepatocytes and particularly in neurons of many brain
regions such as olfactory bulb, cerebrum, hippocampus,
thalamus, cerebellum (including Purkinje cells), pallidus globus,
and brain stem, because it has been difficult for scientists
to well localize P-450s
in central nervous cells of alcohol or drug-untreated
normal rats due to many factors since 1960s. So far only
a few reports have shown immunohistochemical mapping for
brain neurons in frozen sections except only one in paraffin-embedded
sections (Goascogne CL, et al. Neurosteroids: cytochrome
P450scc in rat brain. Science
1987, 237:1212). The new biotechnique perhaps has several
advantages as compared with the previous reports as
follows: A) The
normal distribution of either hepatocytes or brain
neurons immunohistochemically labeled is nearly
consistent with the findings from the reproducibly
molecular biology, which may approximately reach P-450s normal allocation in
liver and brain of rats; B) Thin
(1 , 5 or 10 µm) paraffin-embedded
sections can be employed, so the quality of morphology
and resolution of cell structure are much higher and it is
also possible for researchers to roughly observe P-450s localization
on the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of hepatocytes or
brain neurons, magnified by 1000 to 2000 times,
which seems to have never been reported so far; C) The
results are reproducible and stable, without false positive
nor false negative; and D) Some
of the results have been published in the Chinese Medical Journal
[1998, 111, (11):1007-1012: http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/periodical/zhcmj/981111.htm]
and the Anticancer Digestion &
Discussion [1996,1(2):5-7)]; and
reviewed in the Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion [1999,
4(6):10-12)]. Further experiments are needed to evaluate
the new method's significance and to test its possible
application in better preserving and labeling other enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids (mRNA, e.g.) in immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. [Back to Top]
2) Genotype and Phenotype and Their
Functions in Normality and Disease after the Sequencing of Human Genome:
- On 26 June 20000, American scientists announced that the
rough (over 95%) sequence of human genome was completed. It is a milestone
contribution toward the biomedical sciences. This
historic work was started in 1990 with
participation of scientists in the US, the UK, Germany, France, Japan as well as China (that has been responsible for
1% of human genome sequences -- 30 millions of base pairs
in the chromosome 3 since 1999).
- The known structural
sequences of almost all human genes will be benefiting,
we think, not only prevention, diagnosis and
treatment (designing new gene-drugs, e.g.) of cancer,
AIDS, and other genes-related disorders including
cardiovascular diseases, but also
human development biology and human tissue/organ
engineering or cloning. In pharmaceutical, bioengineering and
development biology studies, post-genome biology has
and will be focused on, for example, proteomics, epigenomics
and phenomics (phenotype expression).
- On the other hand, protein
functional linkages are theoretically too big to decode
in a short period of time. Therefore, we think that
understanding functions of master and cooperative genes in genes-coding protein network
complex in genome is perhaps key to promote proteomics
that will take years and decades to finish; and
understanding functions of master and cooperative genes
will need to know diverse functions of the genes-coding proteins such
as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, adhesion molecules, and to
know proteins' functionally main linkages.
- One of important
technologies to investigate protein functions is proteins localization
and visualization with computerized quantification in
situ or computing module (at three
or four dimension) at organism, organ, tissue, and
cellular levels, which is perhaps particularly
important to pharmaceutical industry, development biology
and tissue/organ engineering or cloning.
- A recent editorial "Human
genome projects: work in progress"
in Nature (2000, 405:981)
pointed out "More
attention must be given to the accuracy of public database into which sequences and
annotation are being deposited. These contain errors that could
themselves take years to clean up. Biologists encountering such errors
should be doing more to provide the feedback to database
and to original depositing authors to achieve correction."
- Science
reported "The scientists did agree on one
thing, though: The president [Bill Clinton] was right
when he said that 'Tody's
historic achievement is only a starting point. There is
much hard work yet to be done"
(2000, 288:2294-2295). [Back to
Top]
3) Development or Improvement of Advanced Biotechnologies:
- A strategy of developing or improving other advanced
biotechnologies will be considered and performed if
conditions would be available in scientific practices and
requirements. Several tumor-experts have recently
appealed to the oncologic community for employing advanced
technologies to investigate cancer cells in situ,
such as laser capture microdissection
(LCM) to
identify genes and proteins specific for animal and human cancers, loss of heterozygosity
(LOH )
analysis to identify minimal genomic deletion areas, computerized cDNA sequencing for
grouping unigene clusters to facilitate understanding
cancer specific transcripts, and protein-fingerprints
to know genes-coding proteins' functions in genetics,
genomics and proteomics (Brown MR, Kohn EC,
Hutter RV. The new millennium: Applying novel technology
to the study of the cancer cell in situ. Cancer
2000, 88:2-5: www.cancer.org
).
- Tissue or organ engineering/cloning technologies
will be bringing about new hopes, for example, to replace
a seriously damaged cancerous organ of a patient in the
future [please also see a mini-review: Vesalius C. Animal Cloning and
Bio-Engineering Tissues or Organs. Anticancer Digestion &
Discussion 1999, 4(6):12-15]. After
the firstly successful animal cloning Dolly from adult
sheep cells in the UK,
and after the successful animal cloning of mice, pigs and
cows in the US
and cows and pigs in Japan
from differentiated matured cells, scientists in China also successfully
cloned goats Yuan Yuan that died after
born for 36 hr and Yang
Yang that has lived, from adult cells in
June 2000 (Sing Tao Daily 24
June 2000, A7). [Back to Top]
3. Participating in the Education
Program of Promoting Research Freedom, Creativity and
Responsibility, and Activity of Struggling for Human Values,
Honors and Social Progress with a Mini-Journal and a Mini-Newsletter
1) Alfred Nobel's Great
Contributions to Human Civilizations:
- The Nobel
Foundation (http://www.nobel.se/nobel/nobel-foundation/history/index.html) in Stockholm announces that "On June 29, 2000, the
Nobel Foundation celebrates its 100th anniversary. The
Foundation and especially the Nobel Prizes--which were first
awarded in 1901--are closely linked to the history of
modern science, the arts, and political development throughout
the 20th century."
[Back to Top]
- The Nobel Museum
( www.nobel.se/nobel/nobelmuseum
) in Stockholm states that "The inauguration
of the Centennial Exhibition 'Cultures of Creativity: The Centennial Exhibition of the
Nobel Prize'
will take place on April 1, 2001, at Bärshuset (The Stock
Exchange) in Stockholm. The Exhibition will be open to
the public until August 31, 2004--Illustrated by a
century of Nobel Prizes, the Centennial Exhibition will
try to shed light on the questions 'What Is Creativity, and How Can
It Best Be Promoted?'
and 'What
Is More Important in Creative Work: Individual Creativity or
the Milieus in Which the Work Is Done?' The exhibition is being built
in two copies. The second copy will be sent on an
international tour to museums around the world, beginning
with Norsk Folkemuseum in Oslo, August 2001." [Back to Top]
- 10 December 1999
was the memorial day of Alfred
Nobel's resting in peace (1833 10-21 to
1896 12-10).
It is the day that Nobel
Prizes (physics,
chemistry, physiology or medicine, economics, literature
and peace) have annually been awarded in Stockholm,
Sweden and Oslo (only for peace prize),
Norway since 1901
in accordance with Nobel's
will in 1895, saying that "the whole of my remaining
realizable estate shall be dealt with the following way:
the interest on which shall be annually distributed in
the form of prizes to those who, during the preceding
year, shall have conferred the Greatest Benefit on Mankind"(http://www.nobel.se/ and www.nobel.no). In
accordance with the Nobel's will, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
is responsible for selecting and awarding the prizes in
physics, chemistry and economics (memorial) and the Karolinska Institute
is for those in physiology or medicine, the Swedish Academy
for those in literature, Stockholm, Sweden; and the Norwegian Nobel Committee,
Oslo, Norway, is responsible for awarding the prizes in
peace. [Back to Top]
- "The Greatest Benefit On Mankind" has been chosen as a MOTTO of the Stockholm
AntiCancer Institute since 10 December
1999, because, we think, the words represent the greatest
pursuit and spirit of humanity and humanitarianism not
only in the 19th century and the 20th century but also in
the 21st century.
- Nobel Prizes' significance,
influence and prestige are so well-known that the prizes actually
belong to a
brilliant part of the modern world's civilizations, and almost everyone in the
world pays attention to annual awards and prize-winners
naturally (http://www.nobel.se/).
[Back to Top]
- On the afternoon, 10 December 1999, Dr. HUANG Cun-Bing,
as a representative for the Stockholm
Anticancer Institute (SACI) and its members, advisors, liaisons and friends, and as an immigrant scientist from
China, handed a fresh Red
Rose dedicated to Alfred Nobel on a wreath (presented by his offspring) between two burning candles in front of Nobel's
Mausoleum in the
Northern Solna Cemetery, nearby the Karolinska Institute
Hospital. Then a historic honor for Cun-Bing HUANG,
a loyal adore and student of Nobel's, was awarded by
Huang's mentor Alfred
Nobel. Huang also
wrote a poem in Chinese with the end sentence "Qiu
Shi Chuang Xin Zhen Shen Zhou" (Seeking Truth and Making
Innovation to Rejuvenate Chinese Society and to Prosper the
World)didecated to
Alfred Nobel that was respectively sent to the known 6
Nobel Laureates of the Chinese ethnic scientists and
other important leaders in Sweden, the US, Mainland-China (including
Hong Kong) and Taiwan-China. [Back
to Top]
- Dear Alfred, please keep resting in
peace! Dear Nobel, you are living in our
hearts forever!
- Thanks to Alfred Nobel and
the Nobel committees
(http://www.nobel.se/ and http://www.nobel.no/), many excellent scientists, scholars,
writers, peace-makers and other outstanding persons with
"The Greatest
Benefit on Mankind"
in the world including six overseas Chinese scientists
have since 1901 honorably become Nobel Laureates. The six American-Chinese
Noble prize winners in science are Chen-Ning YANG (1957 Physics), Tsung-Dao LEE (1957 Physics), Samuel C.C. TING (1976 Physics), Yuan-Tseh LEE (1986 Chemistry), Steve CHU (1997 Physics), and Daniel C. TSUI (1998 Physics). [Back
to Top]
2) AAAS Program, Office of Research
Integrity (ORI) and International
Institute for Public Ethics (IIPE):
- AAAS Program of
Scientific Freedom, Responsibility and Law, led by Dr. Mark S. Frankel, has been playing an important role in promoting
research integrity and responsibility in the globally scientific
community with projects, education, publications and
other activities (www.aaas.org). Dr. Frankel, once entrusted by Dr. Richard S. Nicholson,
Executive Officer and Publisher of Science magazine, supported SACI's
efforts for research freedom, creativity and integrity in the Karolinska Institute biomedical community by writing encouraging
reply letters and e-mails and by sending
educational materials between 1996 and 1998.
- Office of Research
Integrity (ORI) in
the US Department of Human Health
Services, http://ori.dhhs.gov), led by Dr.
Chris B. Pascal (Acting Director)
and ORI contains several branches such as
Division of Policy and Education (Dr. Lawrence J. Rhoades, Director), Division of Research
Investigation (Dr. Alan R. Price, Acting Director), Research Integrity
Branch/Office of the General Counsel (Dr. Caroline Elmendorf, Chief and a law expert) and others (http://ori.dhhs.gov). ORI has played an
important role in maintaining public funds in being used to
perform good and truthful, other than fraudulent or pseudo, sciences with
research integrity and responsibility at research institutions
in the US and the rest of world that received the US
public research funds. [Back to
Top]
- The International Institute
for Public Ethics (IIPE) whose President (1998-1999)
was Professor Terry Cooper
at University of Southern California, USA. IIPE "provides advice
in areas such as standards-setting
and codification, integrity and governance frameworks,
and design and
implementations of corruption-prevention and organizational
strengthening programs. The
Institute is part of a network of organizations such as OECD (PUMA
and SIGMA) Transparency International, government agencies
such as the US
Office of Government Ethics,
various anti-corruption commissions, international
organizations of Ombudsmen, Internal Auditors,
Auditors-General, Inspectors-General, and
university-based specialist research units working in
relevant areas, such as Applied Ethics, Social Science, Law,
Government and Public Administration." [Back to Top]
3) Models of Research Guidelines
and Policies:
- Many good research guidelines at institutions and
universities are for example shown: the Harvard University
(http://www.hms.harvard.edu/integrity/),
the University of California
at San Francisco (UCSF)(http://www.ucsf.edu), the University of Michigan
(UM)(http://www.umich.edu),
the National Institutes of
Health (NIH)(http://www.nih.gov), and
the AAAS (www.aaas.org). [Back to Top]
- The Harvard University
made recommendations in the guidelines for faculty
promotion or appointment in presenting research work,
saying that "The
number of publications to be reviewed at the time of
faculty appointment or promotion should be limited in
order to encourage and reward bibliographies containing
fewer but more substantive publications rather than those
including many insubstantial or fragmented reports. (It
has been suggested, for example, that no more than 5 papers be reviewed for appointment
as Assistant Professor, no more than 7 for Associate Professor, and no more
than 10 for Professor)." [Back to Top]
- The University of
California at San Francisco defined:
"The unquestioned,
individual integrity of every practicing scientist is a remarkable
feature of citizenship in the scientific community. Collectively,
the integrity of individual scientists constitutes a cornerstone
of science. Each scientist's acceptance of the truth and objectivity
of the reports of other scientists enables science to advance
by facilitating incremental progress built upon the
reported findings of others. Violating this trust harms
other scientists, corrupts the scientific record, and
defiles science itself... Some of the key principles of
integrity central to research in the University are: Open
publication and discussion of research methods and results;
Careful observance of requirements for confidentiality in the
peer review process; Proper supervision of personnel and
data; An emphasis on the quality of research; Appropriate
relations with industry" (Hillelman
KJ, Flynn B. Integrity in Science in VI. Research Integrity:
Policies and Procedures. Investigators'
Handbook, March 1995, The Office of the Vice
Chancellor, UCSF: http://www.ucsf.edu).
[Back to Top]
4) Invited Articles from Leading
Scientists:
- We, with the permissions, reprinted the leading papers
written by the most influential scientists or
editors: President
Bruce Alberts at the US National
Academy of Sciences,
President Kenneth Shine at the US Institute
of Medicine ("Scientists and the Integrity
of Research." Science,
1994,266:1660-1661), Professor
Paul J Friedman, Chair at the
Association of American Medical Colleges' Committee on
Research Integrity ("Advice to Individuals
Involved in Misconduct Accusations." Academic Medicine 1996,
71:716), Editors of Nature
Medicine ("Learning from
Scientific Misconduct." Nature
Medicine, 1997, 3:1175),
and Professor and President
Daniel Andersen at
the Odense University, Vice-Chairman at
the Danish Committee on Scientific Dishonesty
("Honest Danes." Nature
Medicine 1998, 4:3) for example.
- We wish to invite more influential articles and writings
as a powerful weapon to fight against misconduct and
mistakable information and to promote research integrity
and useful informatics in the globalizing world, where
everyone (scientist or other person) can better share and
use correct, truthful and advanced information in
economy-related science and technology. [Back to Top]
5) Our Naive
Opinions:
- We have published our own articles: Dr.
Cun-Bing Huang ["Creativity, Integrity, and Conduct in
Science" Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion 1996,
1(1):1-2; "Performing Strategic
Research Needs Research Integrity to Reach the Highest
Standards of Science." Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion 1996,
1(2):3; "Creativity,
Integrity, Responsibility, and Cooperation in Science"
with co-author Professor
Jian Xu. Anticancer Digestion
& Discussion 1997, 2(3):3-4), Dr. Chunbjörn Vesalius
["Enlightenment from Nicolaus Copernicus
and Andreas Vesalius." Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion 1996,
1(2):8; "Antioncogene p53 and
Its Mutation, Good Conduct and Misconduct in Science." Anticancer Digestion & Discussion 1997,
2(3):4-5; "Protection of
Scientific Whistleblowers or Misconduct-Suffers: Learning
from the German Case." Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion 1998,
3(4):5-6; "Foster Benign and Fair
Competition in Science and Technology." Anticancer Digestion & Discussion 1998,
3(5):10-11], Dr. Dalton Curie
Einstein ["For Scientists'
Dignity." Anticancer
Digestion & Discussion 1999, 4(6):1-5],
and Dr. Lincoln Churchill
["Protection of
Misconduct-Victims Facilitates Reducing Fraud and
Upholding Justice of Sense in Science." Anticancer Digestion & Discussion 1999,
4(6):5-7]. [Back to Top]
- We, although tiny and weak, have also written reports and
suggestions to academic organizations and universities,
journals and publishers, governments and parliaments in Sweden,
EU, the US, Asia and other countries or
areas in order to try to promote scientific
ethics and good conduct worldwide because only
truthful information is helpful to making human society
progress, and in order to promote dialogue and communication within
and between people groups and nations because only
dialogue and discussion are useful to increasing trust
and peace locally, nationally and internationally.
[Back to Top]
6) For
Reproducible Science at the Karolinska Institute:
- We have joined and supported all activities for
scientific integrity and responsibility at the Karolinska Institute (KI) with the worldwide well-known prestigious
honor and duty to
award the Nobel Prize in Physiology
or Medicine funded by the Swedish
Great Scientist Alfred Nobel
in 1895.
- President and Professor Hans Wigzell at KI
took a warning of reminding
all researchers of doing reproducible, rather than irreproducible,
science when commenting on a misconduct case at KI
(Nature 1997,
388:816; and Anticancer Digestion
& Discussion 1999, 4(6):1-5),
and KI under President Wigzell's
leadership has issued scientific rules "Guidelines for planning,
conducting, and documenting experimental research" in June 1998 in order to maintain
KI's excellently academic tradition and to practice good,
reproducible science (http://www.ki.se). [Back to
Top]
- Dr.
Cun-Bing Huang on 6 June
2000 issued a research proposal being revised in
July "A New or
the Fourth Carcinogen 'Mental Depression Carcinogen' (MDC) Dedicated to Svenska Flaggans Dagen (the Sweden's National Day), Alfred Nobel, Albert Einstein, William
Shakespeare, Victor Hugo, Friedrich Nietzsche, Fu Hsi, Confucius,
CAO Xue-Qin, ZHU Ke-Zhen, MA Yin-Chu, and Dedicated
also to Three Lady Scientists Marie Curie, Lise Meitner and
WU Chien-Shiung"
to experts at the Karolinska Institute (President and Professor of Immunology
Hans Wigzell) and
other experts at other institutions, for their
considering if the concept proposal would be worth investigating
in order to see whether it is true or not by reproducible experiments,
in addition to issue the reproducible results on rat
brain P450 enzymatic proteins [Chinese Medical Journal, 1988, 111(11): 1007-1012: http://www.chinainfo.gov.cn/periodical/zhcmj/981111.htm] Back to Top
7) "Living History"
Education:
- We have strongly supported the "Living History"
education program for the equal values of all human
beings with the historical lessons of the Hitler's
Holocaust (more
than 6 million innocent Jews including 1.5 million
children and other innocent several millions of peoples
were programmatically mass-murdered by Nazis and their accomplices!!!) during
1933 and 1945, initiated by Swedish
Prime Minister Göran Persson in 1997
(issued in 1998) and fully supported by the Swedish Parliament. Mr. Göran Persson states that "As Swedish Prime Minister I am
proud that we are so united in the fight against Nazism
and for human values."
- And we have suggested the Swedish Government to
expand it into the scientific community since 1998,
because "Remaining
indifferent and not trying to understand the 'why' of the Holocaust, could threaten
our common future. Not because it is a Jewish concern --
it is a universal human concern"
(Bruchfeld S, Levine PA. Tell
ye your children... A book about the Holocaust in Europe
1933-1945, Regeringskansliet,
Levande Historia, Stockholm, 1998). [Back
to Top]
- Nancy Gibbs in TIME's
article "The necessary evil?" remarked "It
is a fundamental tenet to many religions that evil, while mysterious, may clear
the way for good, that the soul is perfected only in
battle, that pain and ecstasy are somehow
twins, that only a soul--or a century--that
has truly suffered can truly realize joy.
Again we sense this instinctively--the pleasure we feel
when a tooth stops hurting reminds us that we live our
life in contexts and contrasts, and so perhaps you can
argue that only by witnessing,
and confronting, great evil were the forces of light able
to burn most bright" (www.time.com/100). Back to Top
8) "Science and the World's
Future":
- "Science and the
World's Future" is a historic
literature, addressed by Professor
of Molecular Biology at University of California at San Francisco,
the first author of the worldwide well-known excellent textbook
"Molecular
Biology of the Cell,"
the noted expert of Protein
Complex,
one of the authors for the historic writings "Scientists and Integrity of
Research"
(Science 1994) and "Scientific Conduct" (PNAS 1994) and President Bruce Alberts of
the US National Academy of Science at
the Academy 136th Annual Meeting, Washington, DC,
26 April 1999 (http://www.nas.edu).
We have celebrated and supported the remarkable
announcement.
- "Starting from a position that Andrew Carnegie
referred to in 1904 as 'our national poverty in science,'
the United States has
become the unchallenged world leader in science and
technology" points out Dr. Alberts
and continues "we can
look back at almost unbelievable accomplishments in which
science has played a central role in lifting billions of
people out of disease, hunger, and poverty. And there is tremendous potential
for many further contributions.
But we also see the appalling spectacle -- reminiscent of
the nightmare of the first half of this century -- of
ethnic and religious conflict destroying the lives of
large numbers of people, of terrorism and intolerance and
ignorance darkening the prospects for humankind, and of a harmful spread
of misinformation...The community of science cannot be
oblivious to these disasters. Instead, we must find ways to use the
open, truth-based culture and community of scientists to ameliorate
them. The challenges of the coming
century will require the dedicated efforts of the entire
scientific community; but they especially call for a much
more robust engagement of the world's most outstanding social
scientists."
- In scientific ethics, values and future, President Alberts said
"It has encouraged us
to dream: to dream about a nation, and a world, that is
permeated by the best representations of science and
scientific values -- honesty, generosity, a respect
for evidence, and openness to all ideas and opinions
irrespective of their source" and he emphasizes
again "These
values are so fundamentally important they bear repeating
-- honesty,
generosity, a respect for evidence, and openness to all
ideas and opinions irrespective of their source."
- President Alberts in particular quoted Vernon Kellogg (one of the important early leaders
of the US National Academy of Science)'s profound
words in 1924, saying "Let science,
then with all encouragement, play undisturbed its
glorious role of bettering the lot of individuals....Let
it prove all things, discover truth, and teach truth and
the way of its discovery."
- "Let
it prove all things, discover truth, and teach truth and
the way of its discovery." [Back
to Top]
9) "World Declaration on
Science"
The World Conference on Science
was importantly held in Budapest, 1999 by the United Nation's UNESCO
(www.unesco.org/science/wcs)
and the following is the historic article of the declaration full
text:
"At the end of the World Conference on Science,
participants expect to approve a World Declaration on Science and
the Use of Scientific Knowledge. The draft declaration covers
four main principles that should underlie science in the 21st century
and which reinforce the commitment the conference calls for:"
- "Science
for knowledge, knowledge for progress
By questioning nature, science enriches our lives in many
ways, while providing technological advances. And science
relies upon fundamental research capacity to provide the
climate of inquiry that generates applications. Although the private sector has
an increasing contribution to make, it is the public
sector that can best finance science with long-term
goals, especially where there may be social benefits at
the end."
- "Science
for peace
Creativity in science relies on critical and free
thinking - both essential elements in a democratic world.
So it is normal that scientists should uphold the full
and open access to information. Research can then be
publicly accountable. In this way science will
defend the intellectual and moral solidarity which is the
basis of a culture of peace. World-wide co-operation is
another way scientists can contribute to the peaceful development
of civilisation. The natural and
social sciences and technology also provide the tools to
address the causes of conflict, including disregard for
human rights, that lead to poverty, insufficient
protection of minorities, inter-ethnic tension,
inadequate education for all, hunger and environmental
degradation."
- "Science
for development
Technological development requires a solid scientific
basis and needs to be resolutely oriented towards less
polluting production, greater efficiency in resource use
and more environmentally friendly products. Science has a role
in safeguarding the planet's natural resources base,
biodiversity and life-support systems. World-wide
efforts have been initiated to develop and strengthen
educational programmes to provide all children, youth and
adults with basic education. This should include science
education in order to develop and expand science
literacy. All governments need a long-term
national policy on science and technology. In developing
countries, there is also a need to strengthen scientific
research in higher education and post-graduate programmes. Regional
and international co-operation are means to develop
critical mass in science. This and other policies are
required to reduce or reverse brain-drain. Co-operation
at all levels is to be encouraged, including
interdisciplinary collaboration and participation in international projects,
especially if they are of global interest. Meanwhile, intellectual
property rights need to be appropriately protected on a global
basis, recognizing that access to data and information
are essential for undertaking scientific work."
- "Science
in society and science for society
The practice of scientific
research and the use of knowledge from that research should
always aim at the welfare of humankind, men and women
alike, be respectful of the dignity of human beings and
of their fundamental rights, and take fully into account
our responsibility towards present and future generations.
There should be a renewed commitment in this respect by
all parties concerned. The free flow of information on
the possible uses of new discoveries and newly developed
technologies should be secured so that ethical issues can
be debated in an appropriate way. In each country
a suitable structure should be established to address the
ethics of the use of scientific knowledge and its
applications. The World
Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and
Technology of UNESCO can provide a means
of interaction in this respect. A code of ethics should
be established for scientific professions. Equality
in access to science is not only a social and ethical
requirement for human development, but also a necessity
for realizing the full potential of scientific communities."
[Back to Top]
10) Chinese Scientists' and
Scholars' Efforts for the World's Progress in Science and
Civilization:
- We have also exchanged such
information with colleagues in Mainland-China and Taiwan-China
in addition to those in the US, Canada, Europe and others
via ACDD publications
(conventional and online web) and other communications.
- Professor of Chemistry Yuan-Tseh Lee, Nobel Laureate for 1986 Chemistry,
and President at the Academia Sinica in Taipei (www.sinica.edu.tw), Taiwan-China,
gave the important enlightenment to Dr. Cun-Bing Huang at SACI for encouraging research
integrity, responsibility and humanitarianism
when replying Huang's letter in February 1999. In addition to emphasizing the importance
of maintaining constant development of mankind, "Professor
Yuan-Tseh Lee, who has been called Mozart in Science" ("Scientists' social responsibility
for constant development of human society" Ming Pao
Monthly 1999 January -- Translated from Chinese
into English by ACDD) in
1999 issued a historic remark "Facing the
21st Century's Challenge" in
traditional Chinese, recalling the
20th century achievements in democratization, science and
technology development, and globalization trend,
and emphasizing that globalization
of world's economics will lead to wider and reasonable discussion
and cooperation between nations, areas, and peoples by giving
up using military force as a tool to solve international
conflicts.
- In a reply letter in traditional Chinese to Dr. Huang at
SACI on 20 June 2000, President Yuan-Tseh LEE
said that "Thank you for your letter and
manuscript [appealing for negotiation under
"One China Principle"
]. It is urgently necessary
for all Chinese peoples to break the impasse between
Mainland-China and Taiwan by drawing on collective wisdom
and useful ideas. Your suggestion 'One China with Two Governments' has also been proposed by many
previously. We believe that we will be finding a common
recognition in the future through public discussions and debates
to show diverse opinions" (Translated
from traditional Chinese into English by ACDD).
[Back to Top]
- Professor ZHOU
Guang-zhao, worldwide well-known
physicist, Chairman at the Chinese
State Association on Science and Technology,
and former President at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (www.cas.ac.cn) pointed out that "The history of China and experiences
of overseas Chinese have repeatedly demonstrated the power
of Chinese culture and its ability to retain its core
values while adapting to new situations. Chinese
scientists are well aware of the difficulties ahead, but
they are also aware of their role in making China a
modern society. If they succeed, their contribution will
benefit not just their country, but the entire world as
well" (Science 1995,
270:1153). [Back to Top]
- Professor LU
Yongxiang, outstanding engineer
and experienced high-educator, President at the Chinese Academy of Sciences (www.cas.ac.cn) in Beijing, emphasized
"Seeking truth is the
essentiality of learning and studying, creating innovation
is the source of science and technology"
(translated from Chinese into English by ACDD).
When answering questions from SCIENCE
magazine journalist, President LU
frankly pointed out: "Chinese
culture has a lot of strong points, but some elements are
very conservative.
People are not ready to do anything that is totally different
from what others do. There is a certain lack of
independence in fields like science. Researchers trend to
follow research trends... Personally I'm interested in the different
innovative experiments of Germany, the United States, and Japan. In the first half of this
century, Germany achieved a great deal by gradually accumulating
talent and strategic knowledge. The United States has
done very well, particularly in the second half of this
century, by being very innovative in experimental terms.
America has attracted talent from all over the world, in
part because of the [flexibility of] American culture.
Japan, of course, has taken a different approach, being
very successful in industrial technology innovation. By learning from the experiences
and lessons of other nations, China will have to find its
own way forward" (Science
1999, 286:1671-1673). [Back to
Top]
- Professor of
Chinese History and Philosophy and of Confucian Studies TU Weiming, Director at Harvard-Yenching
Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, remaked in an
article "Benjamin I. Schwartz Memorial"
on 3 February 2000 that "Ben offered truly exceptional
insights into Confucian China and its modern transformation... What Ben's narratives symbolize is the
unfolding of a humanist vision, a vision informed by the
Biblical sense of tragedy, reality, and hope. As an intellectual history, Ben clearly demonstrated,
through the art of listening, that datum is not information,
information is not knowledge, and knowledge is not wisdom. Ben's dedication to face-to-face communication taught me that 'listening is cultivated
and cultivating. Listening is directing attention to what
is heard, gathering meaning, interpreting and deciding action.
Deep listening is a practice which explores the qualities
of the listening effect. Listening is active. What is
heard is changed by listening and changes the listener.' As a great audient, Ben brought
a comparative perspective into his lifelong work on Neo-Confucian humanism centered around ZHU Xi and the world of though
in ancient China. If we listen attentively to Ben's stories,
Chinese thinkers are in constant dialogue with Moses, Socrates, Plato,
Aristotle, Mamonides, Spinoza, Rousseau, Adam Smith,
Herbert Spencer, and Martin Buber. Almost single-handedly, Ben transformed
the local knowledge he loved and cared about into a
globally significant discourse" (www.fas.harvard.edu/~yenching/). [Back
to Top]
11) Seeking
Truth and Teaching Truth in Science and Education:
- SACI would
like here to quote several university's mottoes or
academic principles or evaluations, three from the
Western globe and the others from the Eastern globe in
our world.
- At the Harvard University,
Cambridge, USA with the prestigiously worldwide academic reputation, Dr. Daniel C. Tosteson, Professor
and Dean at the Harvard
Medical School stated about the Harvard's research
guidelines that "I
recognize that guidelines in and of themselves are not
sufficient to assure appropriate academic behavior. They are
valuable, however, in helping to set standards of scientific
practice that will be consonant with science of the
highest integrity. Harvard Medical School and Harvard
School of Dental Medicine should be satisfied with
nothing less" (http://www.hms.harvard.edu/integrity/).
The Tsinghua University
(President and Professor WANG Dazhong), Beijing, Mainland-China,
has the university's motto "Zi
Qiang Bu Xi, Hou De Zai Wu" (in
Chinese Latin spelling and pronunciation, meaning "Studying strictly and learning
diligently; seeking truth and making innovation": http://www.tsinghua.edu.cn
that is translated from Chinese into English by SACI); and the Tsing Hua University
(President and Professor Chung Laung LIU),
Hsinchu, Taiwan-China (http://www.nthu.edu.tw),
has been proud of the university motto "Zi Qiang Bu Xi, Hou De Zai Wu"
-- "Self Discipline
and Social Commitment" the same with
that the Tsinghua in Beijing that was created by LIANG Qi-Chao,
the China's well-known scholar and outstanding pioneer of
reforming for politics and education during the end of
the 19th century and the early period of the 20th
century. What is the difference of academic spirit or
value between the two? No, it is not at all.
- The Stanford University
(President and Professor John L. Hennessy), California,
USA is well-known to be one of the world's top
universities with the highest quality of research and
education, and the 8th President and Professor Donald Kennedy mentioned that "The Office of Naval Research, the
government agency that oversees Stanford's research
contract with all federal agencies, said that it did 'not
have a claim that Stanford engaged in fraud,
misrepresentation or other wrongdoing'"
(http://www.stanford.edu). The Peking
University (http://www.pku.edu.cn)
is one of the oldest top universities in Beijing,
Mainland-China with the excellent traditions for
education, research and social justice. President and
Professor XU zhi-hong said in his
inauguration in 1999-12 that "University
is not only a place to teach knowledge but also a place
to culture excellent morality and health personality..."
(translated from Chinese into English by ACDD)
and "Dun Pin Li Xue,
Ai Guo Ai Ren" (in Chinese Latin spelling
and pronunciation, meaning "Loving your nation
and people by training excellent morality and knowledge,"
translated from Chinese into English by ACDD) is
the university motto at the National
Taiwan University (President and
Professor W-J CHEN), Taipei,
Taiwan-China (http://www.ntu.edu.tw). What
is the difference of academic spirit or value between
them? No, it is not at all.
- "The Truth Shall Make
You Free" is from the California Institute of Technology (Former
President and Professor Thomas Everhart,
and now President and Professor David Baltimore,
1975 Nobel Laureate for Physiology or Medicine: http://www.caltech.edu),
Pasadena, USA; "Seeking
Truth and Making Innovation" is from
the Zhejiang University
(the motto "Seeking Truth" was
set up by the late President ZHU
Ke-Zhen, a Harvard educated PhD and
Professor of Meteorology in the 1940s, and the "Making
Innovation" was added by the former
President LU Yong-xiang. Now President
is Professor PAN Yun-he), Hangzhou,
Mainland-China (www.zju.edu.cn);
and the University of Hong Kong (www.hku.hk), Hong Kong,
China, has its school motto "To
Explore the Mechanism of World with Intelligence and
Integrity" (Ge Wu Ming De,
pronounced by Chinese Latin spelling). What is the difference
of schooling spirit or value between them? No, it is not
at all. [Back to Top]
12) Research Responsibility and Misconduct
Study:
- We have joined international
education programs, led by the US
National Academy of Sciences (President
Bruce Alberts)
and PNAS
(Editor-in-Chief Nicholas
Cozzarelli), the US
Institute of Medicine (President Kenneth Shine),
the AAAS (President Stephen Gould and Executive Officer and Publisher
of Science magazine Dr. Richard S.
Nicholson) and Science
magazine (Editor-in-Chief
Donald Kennedy), AAAS's Scientific Freedom,
Responsibility and Law Program (Director Mark Frankel),
the AAMC's Committee on Research Integrity (Chairman Professor Paul Friedman), Nature (Chief Editor Philip Campbell), Nature Medicine
(Chief Editor Adrian Ivinson), British Medical Journal (Chief Editor Richard Smith), Lancet (Chief Editor Richard Horton),
the Karolinska Institute
(President Hans Wigzell
and Scientific Advisor of
Swedish Government), the Danish Committee on Scientific Dishonesty
(DCSD)(Chairman Hans Henrik Brydensholt, High Court Judge and President of
the Danish High Court; Vice Chairman Daniel Andersen, President at Odense University), Academia Sinica in Taipei (President Yuan-Tseh LEE and Chief-Advisor
of the Government),
Chinese Academy
of Sciences in Beijing (President LU Yongxiang), Chinese Medical Journal
(Chief Editor QIAN Yi-Jian, Managing Editor WANG De) and
other noted organizations and influential leading scientists,
in order to appeal to all scientists for promoting and
practicing research creativity, responsibility and
strategy, in order to foster professional ethics and integrity
in research work, and in order to win the new challenge
in the globally economy-related science and technology.
- "Reflections on a
Retraction" (Science
2000, 289:1137) on 18 August 2000, an important editorial for research
integrity and integrity research in the
beginning of the 21st century, was issued by Professor Donald Kennedy,
former President at Stanford University
(http://www.stanford.edu)
and Editor-in-Chief of SCIENCE
magazine, saying that "In this week's issue
of Science, a sad
and troubling communication appears on p. 1141. In it,
Michael Lieber and his colleagues announce the retraction
of a paper on the role of RNA/DNA hybrids in
immunoglobulin class switch recombination," commenting
on that "There is an even heavier cost: Each
such case represents another depreciation of trust, not
only within our community but also on the part of our
public patrons" and finally concluding that
"What we do know that
when the problem came to light, he did the right thing."
- We completely agree with Professor Kennedy, Dr.
Lieber did the right thing. You see, we
scientists are human-beings so we may make mistakes and
we can also correct mistakes when knowing. Perhaps, the saddest and most dangerous
thing was (in the history) or is (at the present) that
there were or are a few scientists in the scientific
community who made evidenced misconduct but did or do
reject correction or retraction of such irreproducible or
mistakable or fraudulent results.
- "We need to know more
about what motivates scientific misconduct and what can protect
against it. Alas,
the thin database on the etiology of fraud yields only a
few hints.
So far, the incidents have been concentrated in the life
sciences, particularly basic biomedical research. As
recent events in Europe demonstrate, it is an international problem... Nothing in the record
suggests that commercial profit is the primary driver;
most transgressions have occurred in Research Universities of High
Rank, Where Prestige Is the Coin of the Realm" points out Dr. Kennedy
(Science
2000, 289:1137). Perhaps, Professor
Kennedy's words are worth while to think about why,
aren't they?
- Earlier "A Solution to
Concerns Over Public Access to Scientific Data"
by well-known Leading Economist Linda Cohen
at University of California at Irvin and
well-noted Leading Economist and Director Robert
Hahn at American Enterprise Institute-Brookings
Join Center for Regulatory Studies in Washington, DC
(Science 1999,
285:535-536) indicated the great damages of
irreproducible research to federal budgets. For example,
the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the US
finalized a study estimated to cost between $9 billion and $37 billion
annually in 1990 dollars; however, other authors in an
evaluation against the study in Journal
of Money, Credit and Banking (a
leading economics magazine) found that "errors in nearly every paper that were
sufficiently serious that the results could not easily be
replicated" (Science 1999, 285:535-536). [Back to Top]
- "Another study, published in JAMA,
gave a paper with eight deliberate
errors to 420 people to review. For the 221
reviewers that responded, the maximum number of errors detected
was five, the median was two,
and 16% of the
respondents did not find any... These findings cast doubt on the
peer-review process, even for academic purposes.
It is noteworthy that an increasing numbers of most
prestigious journals, such as Nature, American Economic Review,
and Science,
now require data availability to editors and members of
the scientific community as a condition for publication. Other
journals, such as Cell,
require that data be made available for scientific
scrutiny when there are disputes" pointed
out the two leading scientists (Science 1999,
285:535-536).
- Of Public Huge Money and
Funding, Who Should Really Care? Perhaps, Governments,
Universities, Academies and Industries should together
make strategic acts, reasonable policies and effective
regulations, and perhaps
Leading Officers, Editors and Scientists should together
open educational courses in integrity, accountability,
creativity, responsibility and strategy to not only junior researchers
and students but also senior ones including ourselves,
yourselves and themselves. Everyone should be equal before
scientific truth, civil laws and administrative rules,
shouldn't he or she?
- As proposed by
Editor-in-Chief Kennedy, the Etiology of Fraud, like a special and difficult
pathogen of a man that needs to be firstly diagnosed by a
pathologist and to be then cured by a physician, is perhaps
worth investigating at first. [Back to
Top]
- Our work for Scientific
Misconduct Study has since 1995 based
on the experiences ourselves in research projects by
learning and thinking (also see the following contents in 3.3 Models of Research
Guidelines and Policies and 3.4. Invited Articles from
Leading Scientists), and by reporting and
acting (also see the following contents in 3.5. Our Naive Opinions
and 3.6. For Reproducible Science
at the Karolinska Institute).
- The two leading economists conclude that "Replication Is a Key to Ensuring
the Quality of Results" (Science 1999,
285:535-536). And in accordance with our immature studies
since 1995, we have also concluded that Reproducibility of Research
Results Is a Key of True Science and Advancement of Research Results
Is a Key of Good Science, isn't it? [Back to Top]
13) Top 10 Most Influential
Americans of the Century:
- 12 October 1999, Marquis Who's Who, one of the most prestigious biographers
and publishers in the US and the world, named the "Top
10 Most Influential Americans of the Century".
They are Walt Disney, Thomas
Edison, Henry Ford, Bill
Gates, Steve Jobs, Martin
Luther King, Jr., Jackie Robinson, Franklin
D. Roosevelt (http://www.congress.gov), James
Watson, and Wright Brothers. Among them, almost half are scientists
or engineers. In the 20th century, as President Bruce
Alberts remarked in 1999, "Starting from a position that
Andrew Carnegie referred to in 1904 as 'our national
poverty in science,' the United States has become the
unchallenged world leader in science and technology" (http://www.nas.edu).
- Franklin Roosevelt together with Mohandas Gandhi was also chosen as the 2nd "Men of
the Century" only after Albert
Einstein "Man
of the Century" by TIME in
December 1999 with A. Schlesinger, Jr.'s evaluation that
"He lifted the
U.S. out of economic despair and revolutionized the
American way of life. Then he helped make the world safe
for democracy" (www.time.com/100). [Back to Top]
14) New Era for Information
Technology and BioTechnology:
- Many experts have predicted that 21st century will be a new era of Information Technology and BioTechnology. As the largest and the most influential
company of informatics in the globe, MICROSOFT (Chairman
& Chief
Software Architect
Bill Gates and President & CEO Steve Ballmer: http://www.microsoft.com), with the well-known
high-tech products Windows
95, 98, 2000, Microsoft Internet Explorers and many
others, will probably be maintaining the unchallenged
leader in the software's industries of the world, and
more advanced techniques and products will be created in
accordance with the market requirements and developments. In
addition, computer hardware manufacture including
microchip, large and super-computer technology will greatly
progress following high tech-industry developments.
- Chairman Bill Gates addressed at the New York Institute of Technology,
28 October, 1999, that "So, it will be a world where everything is
online, and that's simply taken for granted" ( http://www.microsoft.com). President
and CEO Rodney
Nichols at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York pointed out that "In
that regard, biotechnology today is less like the polio vaccine and
more like a kidney transplant. But watch out: the convergence
of disciplines in biotechnology will soon lead to knowledge
so powerful that clinicians and patients will wonder how
they ever got along without it" (The Sciences 2000 September/October p4).
- Dr. James
Watson (now
President at the Cold
Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York)'s work on discovering DNA
double helix structure (1962 Nobel Prize shared with British scientist Dr.
Francis Crick) has revolutionarily influenced
the progress of molecular biology, medicine and
biotechnology.
- After genome (animals
and humans) sequencing projects, after Dolly from adult sheep cells and other animals
were cloned in the UK, the US, Japan, and China,
after several successes in gene-therapy and tissue or organ engineering in the US and other
nations, biotechnologies have so rapidly
developed that will create new, effective, safe and powerful procedures
to improve or revolutionize health care (overcoming CANCER, AIDS and cardiovascular diseases, e.g.), agriculture and pharmaceutical industries
worldwide. [Back to Top]
15) Charles Darwin's Influences on
Science and Society:
- Scientific
America (2000 July p66-71) issued Harvard's
Professor of Zoology Ernst Mayr's
article "Darwin's
influence on modern thought," stating that "Great minds shape the
thinking successive historical periods. Luther and Calvin
inspired the Reformation; Locke, Leibniz, Voltaire and
Rousseau, the Enlightenment. Modern though is most
dependent on the influence of Charles Darwin" (This article is based on Professor
Mayr's Lecturer of 1999-09-23 of receiving the Crafoord
Prize from the Royal Swedish
Academy of Science, Stockholm). [Back
to Top]
- In 1999, the Kansas's
Board of Education tried teaching "creation" to replace
Darwin's "evolution" in science courses at
schools, sparking strong protests from the US community
in science and education. Not long ago, scientists and
educators got success overcoming the attempt of making history
go backward.
- Dr. Stephen Gould, Professor of Zoology
at Harvard University and President at AAAS, emphasized
"Evolution
is truth -- and the truth can only make us
free" (editorial
"Darwin's more stately mansion" Science 1999, 284:2087) and "The idea of divine
creation is unlikely to benefit from such further
investigation because it is not a scientific theory, but
a dogma" commented on
an editorial ("The difference between science and
dogma" Nature 1999, 400:697).
- That is, we may conclude that religion is
only one kind of cultures but isn't science, so in other
words religion is not able to replace science and vise versa. However,
religion and science are able to make communications and
dialogues with one another, aren't they? [Back to Top]
16) Albert Einstein, PERSON OF THE
CENTURY and PERSON OF THE MILLENNIUM:
- We were so happy and so excited to know that Albert Einstein, the founder of the THEORY OF RELATIVITY (both the special and the general),
one of the greatest scientists and one of the greatest thinkers
in the 20th century and the past 1000 years as
well, was chosen PERSON OF
THE CENTURY and PERSON
OF THE MILLENNIUM by several of the
mostly influential journals (e.g., TIME and New York Times Upfront)
or news agencies (e.g., Reuters) in the world.
[Back to Top]
- Einstein
was also a survivor of the Holocaust, he had to flee from Germany
to the US at the Holocaust's starting, so that he
appealed to the whole world for which "The world is too dangerous to
live in -- not because the people who do evil, but
because of the people who stand by and let them." Einstein's
words not only had historical but also have realistic
significance today, hadn't they and haven't they?
- Einstein
made the tremendous discoveries and got Nobel prize for
his other discovery in photoelectric effect, "But
many of his German confreres had no love for Einstein"
and two Noble laureates Philipp Lenard and Johannes Stark
attacked Einstein very much, and "Relativity, he [Lenard]
proclaimed, was (like quantum theory) a malign alien
poison, a Jewish swindle" (Nature
2000, 403:17-19). Although Hitler's air-marshal Göring
believed that "What lies are repeated by
thousand times will become truths", yet the
history recorded: "Even
though the lies were repeated by thousand times by Nazis
and their supporters, the lies are still lies and have
never become truths at all."
- Dr. Stephen Hawking,
worldwide famous physicist, Professor and Chairman at the University of Cambridge
Department of Mathematics, commented on
"The equations of
general relativity are his best epitaph and memorial.
They should last as long as the universe"
(TIME
31 December 1999 online issue "A Brief History of Relativity": www.time.com/100.
- Einstein is an integrity scientist, a
universal man, a responsible person, and a world citizen
who got invitation of being the Israel's presidency in
1952 but turned it down, saying that "Politics is for the moment,
while...an equation is for eternity"
( www.time.com/100).
He also seriously advised his Jewish compatriots: "If we do not find the path to
honest cooperation and honest negotiation with the Arabs,
then we have learned nothing from our 2000 years of
suffering, and we deserve the fate that will befall us"
(Nature 2000, 403:17-19).
- Walter Isaacson,
Managing Editor of TIME,
in "Who Mattered -- and Why"
of Time's Choice, summaried: "In
a hundred years, as we turn to another new century--nay,
ten times a hundred years, when we turn to another new
millennium--the name that will prove most enduring from
our own amazing era will be that of Albert Einstein: genius, political refugee,
humanitarian, locksmith of the mysteries of the atom and the
universe" ( www.time.com/100).
- Dear Albert, you are forever the
best model of ours in the world's human society! Dear Einstein, you are forever living
in our hearts from generations to generations!
[Back to Top]
17) The Greatest Tragedies in the
20th Century and the "Ode To Joy" -- The 21st Century's
Theme of All Humans in the World?
- We would like to again quote Nancy Gibbs's words in TIME (www.time.com/100):
"It is a fundamental tenet to many religions
that evil, while
mysterious, may clear the way for good,
that the soul is perfected
only in battle, that pain and ecstasy are somehow
twins, that only a soul--or a century--that
has truly suffered can truly realize joy.
Again we sense this instinctively--the pleasure we feel when
a tooth stops hurting reminds us that we live our life in contexts
and contrasts, and so perhaps you can argue that only by witnessing, and
confronting, great evil were the forces of light able to
burn most bright."
- In the past 20th century, our human society suffered so
much from many natural and man-made
calamities. The natural catastrophes were already
merciless but the man-made calamities
were much more merciless. You see, the World
War I, the Word War II, many mass-murders and massacres,
and many individual killings or persecutions
in the 20th century... in which perhaps the Hitler's Holocaust,
the Stalin's Era,
and the Cultural Revolution might
be or were the Greatest Three Tragedies
not only in the 20th century but perhaps also in the past
millennium.
- Will our human society
prepare to produce new other types of smaller or bigger man-made
calamities including mass-murders and individual killings
or persecutions in the 21st century? Will our human society just stand
by or let them when such horrible things in diverse forms
happen? "No, it will not at al" say our consciences. If not, how will we do?
- How Will We Prevent or
Reduce Man-Made
Tragedies
in the 21st Century?
- Confucius considered that "Jun Zi He
Er Bu Tong, Xiao Ren Tong Er Bu He" (mimicking
Chinese language's pronunciation by the Chinese spelling
Latin characters used in Mainland-China), meaning that "Gentlemen who respect
each other are different, but villains who hate each
other are similar."
- "Gentlemen
Who Respect Each Other Are Different, But Villains Who
Hate Each Other Are Similar."
- Great German composer Ludwig van Beethoven (music)'s and great German writer Johann von Schiller (words)'s well-known creation "Ode To Joy" (from Symphony No. 9 in D
minor Op. 125 "Choral") has been calling
human conscience, justice and responsibility by dreaming
and realizing a world where Joyful
Goddess could
reunite all peoples or races, who came from the same
roots, as brothers and sisters in peace under her warm
wings in our world. We think, we wish and we hope that Ode To Joy should be not only the
EU's theme song but also the World's theme song in the 21st century!
Let
All of Us, Friends, Brothers and Sisters Together Try Singing, Dreaming
and Realizing Ode To Joy!!!
[Back to Top]
PROFIT WORK WHEN POSSIBLE
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Editorial
Committee for the AntiCancer Digestion & Discussion: Adviser-in-Chief of Sweden Professor
of Immunology Hans Wigzell (in negotiation), Jian XU (Professor
of Pathology), Bing-Quan WU (Professor of Pathology), Tai-He
ZHANG (Chief-Pathologist), Zhong-Dong DAI (Research Fellow and
Doctor of Pediatrics), Wei-Ming WANG (Professor of Pathology and
Forensic Medicine), Yong-Lan LI (Professor of Biochemistry), Wei-Fang
XIA (Nursing Lecturer and Research Assistant), Cun-Bing HUANG
(Professor of Pathology, Biotechnology and Strategy).
Computer
Management: Leif HUANG
Homepage
Design: Chunbjörn Vesalius, Leif HUANG, and Bo HUANG
Financial
Management: Kerstin XIA, Li-Hua
XIAO, Chanda HUANG
Research Management: Cun-Bing
HUANG, Zhong-Dong DAI, Jian XU, Wei-Ming WANG, Yong-Lan LI,
Wei-Fang XIA, Bo HUANG
News
& Communications: Björn HUANG, Kerstin XIA,
Leif HUANG, Bo HUANG, Chun K. HUANG, Jerry LI, Zhong-dong DAI,
and Jian XU
Business
Management: Chunbjörn HUANG, Kerstina XIA, Zhong-Dong DAI, You WANG
Encouragement,
Evaluations and Honors: In March 1999, Dr. Cun-Bing Huang, biomedical
researcher and the editor for AntiCancer Digestion &
Discussion (ACDD) at SACI was awarded one of the "Outstanding People of the 20th Century" by the International Biographical
Centre (IBC), Cambridge, UK; the American Biographical Institute
(ABI), Raleigh, USA, awarded Huang one of the "Five Hundred Leaders of Influence" with a certificate in June 1999; and
the Marquis Who'sWho, New Providence, USA in October 1999
selected Huang for inclusion in "Who'sWho in the World" 18th Edition in 2001; In 1998, Swedish
Prime Minister Goran Persson's political adviser Victoria Forslund
(on behalf the Primer) praised Dr. Huang as a "dedicated person" and in 1999 President Yuan Tseh LEE at
the Academia Sinica in Taipei and President LU Yong-xiang at the
Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing gave Dr. Huang positive evaluations in scientific research
and responsibility. Earlier President
Bruce Alberts at the National Academy of Science and President Kenneth
Shine at the Institute of Medicine, and Executive Director Richard Nicholson
at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (via Director
Mark Frankel at the AAAS Program of Scientific Freedom, Responsibility
and Law) in Washington, DC gave
strong support to Dr. Huang for his activities for research responsibility
and integrity under President
Hans Wigzell's leadership
at the Karolinska Institute.
These positive encouragement, good evaluations and social honors
belong to all members, liaisons and friends of SACI, Dr. Huang is
only a representative of the evaluations and honors and he would
have had nothing without the teaching, the work, the support and the
cooperation from his mentors (direct and indirect), other
members, liaisons and friends in the US, the UK, France, Germany,
Italy, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Greece, Poland,
Singapore, Mainland-China (including Hong Kong and Macao), Taiwan-China
and other nations all over the world.
(Updated in November 2000). [Back to Top]