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verbs: WEAK CLASS 1
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The weak verbs of the 1st class form their preterite and perfect forms with the suffix -að- (which, since it has a vowel, gives the verb an extra syllable). When an ending containing an /u/ follows, the /a/ in the suffix turns into an /u/, which in turn can u-umlaut the stem vowel.
| | | indicative | | | subjunctive/ optative
| | sing. | 1 | kall-a
| | 1 | kall-a
| | 2 | kall-ar
| | 2 | kall-ir
| | 3 | kall-ar
| | 3 | kall-i
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| | plur. | 1 | köll-um
| | 1 | kall-im
| | 2 | kall-ið
| | 2 | kall-ið
| | 3 | kall-a
| | 3 | kall-i
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| | indicative | | | subjunctive/ optative
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· kalla 'call'
· elska 'love'
· herja 'ravage'
· synja 'refuse, denie'
· rifna 'crumble'
· spá 'tell fortunes' ; (pret. spáði)
· fá 'paint' ; (pret. fáði)
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| | sing. | 1 | kallað-a
| | 1 | kallað-a
| | 2 | kallað-ir
| | 2 | kallað-ir
| | 3 | kallað-i
| | 3 | kallað-i
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| | plur. | 1 | kölluð-um
| | 1 | kallað-im
| | 2 | kölluð-uð
| | 2 | kallað-ið
| | 3 | kölluð-u
| | 3 | kallað-i
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The present participle is inflected like an adjective in the comparative grade; the perfect participle like a regular adjective (like langr; not like gamall!).
| present participle | perfect participle
| | kallandi | kallaðr
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The verbs that originally belonged to this class are either denominative or incoative. The denominatives are derived from nouns and adjectives, mostly ja- and jô-stems, using the suffix -jô- (her-ja 'ravage' < har-jôn derived from herr 'army' < har-ja-z); the incoatives using -nô- (vak-na 'awake' < wak-nôn derived from vak-a 'be awake' < wak-ên).
© Peter Pettersson
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