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nouns: · a-stems · va-stems · ja-stems · ia-stems · ô-stems · vô-stems · jô-stems · iô-stems · i-stems · u-stems · an-stems · ôn-stems · în-stems · nd-stems · root nouns · r-stems · nouns: I-STEMS I-stems are either masculine or feminine. The inflection was once the same for both genders, but in ON the masculine ones have been affected by the a-stems, so that many i-stems have the a-stem genitive ending -s. The feminine i-stems have been affected by the ô-stems, so that the plural accusative ending has been made identical with the nominative ending, and the singular nominative has lost its /r/. Many feminine i-stems have also taken all the singular forms from the ô-stems, which explains why some feminine i-stems are u-umlauted in the singular.
The masculine i-stems:
The feminine i-stems:
The most masculine i-stems are old PIE i-stems, but quite a lot of the ones inflected like drengr are old ja- or ju-stems, which explains the /j/ in the endings. In OSwed. these nouns did not cross over to the i-stem inflection but were kept as ja-stems. Among the feminine i-stems are found the common verbal abstracts (nomina actionis) with ti-suffixes, like gipt 'a giving' and dáð 'a doing'. Origin of the masculine endings: sing: nom: -iR < -iz < -is ; gen: -âR < -aiz/-îz < -ois/-eis ; dat: -î < -î < ins. -î ; acc: -i < -in < -im plur: nom: -îR < -îz < -eies (-ei+es) ; gen: =a-stem ; dat: -umR (=a-stem) ; acc: -in < -ins < -ins The feminine endings: sing: nom: =ô-stem or -iR < -iz < -is ; gen: -âR < -aiz/-îz < -ois/-eis ; dat: =ô-stem ; acc: -i < -in < -im plur: nom: -îR < -îz < -eies (-ei+es) ; gen: =a-stem ; dat: -umR (=a-stem) ; acc: =nom. © Peter Pettersson
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