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DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS

to Old Swedish inflection


and sjá
The demonstrative pronouns 'this' and 'that' are in ON and sjá. Sjá was originally composed from and a particle si or a (or sa), which is better seen further down in the paradigm. The result is not always the same in all parts of Scandinavia.

masc.fem.neut.masc.fem.neut.
sing.sing.
nom.sásúþat nom.sjásjáþetta
gen.þessþeirrarþess gen.þessaþessarþessa
dat.þeimþeirriþví / þí dat.þessumþessiþessu / þvísa
acc.þannþáþat acc.þennaþessaþetta
plur.plur.
nom.þeirþærþau nom.þessirþessarþessi
gen.þeirraþeirraþeirra gen.þessaþessaþessa
dat.þeimþeimþeim dat.þessumþessumþessum
acc.þáþærþau acc.þessaþessarþessi


hinn and inn
are also demonstrative pronouns. Hinn means 'the other', and inn is the definite article 'the'. Hinn is inflected like the possessive pronoun minn, except that it always has a short /i/ in its stem. Inn is basically inflected alike, but since the definite article is enclitically attached to the noun certain assimilations take place, so inn has a page of its own.


Sá continues the PIE pronoun *so-/to-.
masc: sing: nom: sa/saR < sa < so ; gen: þes < þes < te-so/to-so ; dat: =plur. ; acc: þan < þan < to-m
masc: plur: nom: þaiR (with -R from other plurals) < þai < to-i ; gen: þaiRô < þaizôn < toisôm ; dat: þaimR < þaimiz < toimes ; acc: þan < þans < t-ons
fem: sing: nom: su < sô < sô ; gen: þaiRôR < þaiziôz <?< tesiâs ; dat: þaiRê < þaiziâi <?< tesiâi ; acc: þa < þan < tâ-m
fem: plur: nom: þaR < þaz < tâ-s ; gen: =masc. ; dat: =masc. ; acc: =nom.
neut: sing: nom: =acc. ; gen: =masc. ; dat: þî < þî < loc. te-i ; acc: þat < þat < to-d
neut: plur: nom: =acc. ; gen: =masc. ; dat: =masc. ; acc: þau < þau < to-u
Inn is identical with OHGerm. jenêr from a *jenaz < PIE *je-.
Hinn is derived from the pronominal stem *ki-. The n and the inflexion was borrowed from inn.

© Peter Pettersson