Geography
Khorasan province which is located in north - est of Iran,
covering an area of 313,335 sq.km, is the largest province of the
country and includes one fifth of the country's area. The townships
of this province are: Esfarayen, Biriand, Taibad, Torbat-e-Jam, Torbat - e - Haydarieh, Chenaran, Khaf Shirvan, Tabas, Ferdows, Fariman
Ghayenat, Ghoochan, Kashmar, Gonabad, Meshad, Nahbandan, Neyshabour,
Bardaskan, and Bojnoord.
Mashad is capital city of this province in which the Shrine of His Holiness Imam Reza, the eighth Imam of Shi'ite, is situated.
From natural features point of view, Khorasan province is divided into two northern and southern sections. The northern part
is mountainous which in its lower areas, fertile plains are formed and suitable conditions for agricultural and animal husbandry development are made available.
The southern part constitutes of low
plains with low hills and poor vegetation cover.
Khorasan province is located in north temperate zone and has changeable weather as a whole. The temperature of the province
increases from north to south, but annual of the province increases from north to south, but annual precipitation decreases.
In the Islamic period, Khorasan was divided into four parts,each part was called in the name of four large cities i.e,Neyshaboor, Marve, Harat and Balkh. In the year 652 AD, Arabs came to Iran and in this period residents of Khorasan adhered
to Islam religion.
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History
In the year 1004 AD. Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi conquered Khorasan and in 1049 AD. Toghrol the First (Saljooghian dynasty) conquered Neyshaboor. Sultan Mahmood Ghaznavi fought against Saljooghians and
finally Ghaznavi Turks defeated Sultan Sanjar Saljooghi badly. In the year 1161 AD.
Khorasan was conquered by kharazmshahian, simultaneously, due to attacks of Mongols, it was annexed to the
territories of Mongol Ilkhanan.
In 15th century, independence flag was hoisted by Sarbedaran movement and in 1493 Khorasan was occupied by Amir Teymoor Goorkani and city of Harat was declared as capital. In 1537 AD. it was
possessed by Ozbakans.
After the death of Nader Afshar (1791), Khorasan was occupied by Afghans and in Ghajar period, with supporting of Afghans for
protection of Indian's borders, finally paris Treaty was concluded (1903).and Iran was obliged to not interfere in Afghanestan's internal affairs. At this time Khorasan was divided into two parts: eastern part became England protectorate and
western part remained under occupation of Iran. In other words, the most populated part of khorasan separated from Iran. In spite of all
these ups and downs, Khorasan is one of the ferile and flourishing provinces of Iran.
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