The Shell-Universe and The V-effect - Chapter 6.7 - 6.9


6.7 Calculated radius.

How about the size of The Shell-Universe ? Can it have whichever radius ? Or how large is the radius ?

A thousand km ?
A thousand light-years ?
A thousand milliard light-years ?

Nothing in my calculation says that the result should be of the same size as in the BigBang theory.

My result is shown in the diagram.

Figure 6.7


The radius of the Shell-Universe is

not a thousand km
not a thousand light-years
not a thousand milliard light-years
It is 30 milliard light-years. ( 0.3E27 m )
A very reasonable result !

Can this be due to pure chance ?

It can be compared with other values:
Earlier the radius was assumed to be ab. 15 milliard light-years
( calculated with the BigBang )
The age of the Universeab. 15 milliard years
The most distant observed galaxyab. 14 milliard light-years
The oldest starab. 16 milliard years
After measurements by the Hubble telescope
the radius is assumed to be
9-14 milliard light-years
( calculated with the BigBang )
And the age of the Universe9-14 milliard years
.
The calculation of The Shell-Universe
gives a radius ofab. 30 milliard light-years


6.8 Possible contents of The Shell-Universe.

If we try to describe The Shell-Universe, this is one possible picture :

The Shell-Universe consists of a sphere, as we can see it with our eyes and our instruments. It contains stars, galaxies, clouds etc. It has a radius of ab. 30 milliard light-years. We assume that the Hubble parameter is 80 km / s / Mpc and the total density 1.0E-27 kg / m3 . The density of observable matter is 0.3E-27 kg / m3 and the "relativistic density" of the dark matter 0.7E-27 kg / m3. The dark matter partly consists of neutrinos.

Around this sphere there is a shell. The shell is not a hard shell, it has a density, perhaps like our own galaxy : 40E-21 kg / m3 . It partly contains stars, galaxies. clouds etc, partly photons and neutrinos. It has a thickness of ab. 800 light-years or ab. a third of our galaxy. The total surface density is ab. 0.3 kg / m2 , of this is ab. 0.1 ordinary matter and 0.2 photons and neutrinos. Even though the density is very small and the thickness also very modest, the shells mass is ab. 75 % of the total Universe.

In the outer parts of the sphere the gravitation acts outwards. Some of the matter therefore is drawn towards the shell. There it stops in the layer A. In this layer there are stars, galaxies, clouds, black holes etc. From novas, supernovas and black holes matter is thrown out. Some goes into the sphere, where it compensates the matter leaving. In layer B neutrinos and photons are circulating the sphere.


6.9 Some details from the calculation of the shell.

The following diagrams show how the factors influence the properties of the shell.
The total density of the shell is assumed to be 40E-21 kg / m3 .

The figures are not shown here. They are found in the printed paper.

Figure 6.9a
The total density of the Shell, calculated per m2 - "total surface density" - is about 0.3 kg / m2 .

Figure 6.9b
The "relativistic density" of neutrinos and photons in the Shell is about 0.25 kg / m2 .

Figure 6.9c
The total mass of the shell is about 75 % of the total mass of The Shell-Universe.

Figure 6.9d
With the assumed total density and the values above, the thickness of the shell is about 800 light-years.


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