2 Photons and gravitation

The Shell-Universe and The V-effect - Chapter 2 - 2.5

2 Photons and gravitation.

2.1 Laplace´s calculation.

Already around 1800 Laplace calculated that, if light consists of particles, it should bend off, when passing close to the sun. Even if the particles are weightless.

Probably he calculated as in 2.2.

2.2 Calculation : One particle passing the sun.

When light from a star passes close to the sun it bends off.

For comparison we calculate with Newton's Law of Gravitation for ordinary particles. [ F1 ]

Figure 2.2

( The figure is calculated with [ F1 ] and mA = 1, mB = 100, G = 0.001, Y0 = 1, v0 = 1 )

The complete calculation is shown in the printed paper.
The steps in the calculation are shown here.

We calculate the angle, alfa.

Initial values

Distance between particle and object
Force between particle and object [ F1 ]
Newton's law of gravitation
Impulse on A ( IMP = F * Time.step ) [ F3 ]
Change in momentum for A ( MOM.step = IMP ) [ F4 ]
Change in speed for A ( v.step = MOM.step / m ) [ F5 ]
Change in position for A ( X.step = v * t.step )
Angle the path bends off

This gives :
Total angle between path and initial path

alfa

= 360 / Pi * G * mB / Y0 / v02

[ F2.2 ]

It should be noted, that the angle is not influenced by the mass of the passing particle, A .
The formula [ F2.2 ] is valid also for weightless particles .

If we study a particle - without mass and with the speed of light - passing close to the sun, we use these values :

G = 66.7 E-12
mB = mass of sun = 2 E30
Y0 = radius of sun = 0.7 E9
v0 = c = 0.2998 E9

which gives

alfa = 0.000243 degrees = 0.875"

CONCLUSION
We find that a particle, passing a heavy object in high speed , bends off with an angle of

Using this formula a photon, passing close to the sun, would bend off with an angle of

alfa = 0.875"

This is exactly half as much as Einstein found. ( See below. )
Newton's law is not valid for photons.

2.3 Photons are influenced by gravitation.
As has been said above photons are influenced by gravitation, even as they have no real mass.

2.4 Photons influence particles by gravitation.

When photons are influenced by gravitation from the sun and their path bends off, then their momentum is changed. As the sum of momentum is constant, the momentum of the sun must change. So the photons influence the sun by gravitation.

The conclusion is, that photons influence ordinary matter or ordinary particles by gravitation.

STATEMENT :
Photons influence ordinary particles by gravitation.

2.5 Photons influence other photons by gravitation.
If photons are influenced by gravitation and they also themselves influence with gravitation, then it is logical to assume that they influence other photons by gravitation.

STATEMENT :
Photons influence other photons by gravitation.

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