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Abdulrahman Ghassemlou
عبد
الرحمن
قاسملو
الدكتور
عبد
الرحمن
قاسملو
هو
أبرز
زعماء
الكورد
في
إيران
خلال
النصف
الثاني
من
القرن
العشرين
،
وواحد
من
المثقفين
الكورد
الذين
روجوا
لقضايا
ومطالب
شعبهم
ولد
عبد
الرحمن
قاسملو
عام
١٩٣٠
في
وادي
قاسملو
المجاور
لبلدة
رضائية
بإيران
،
درس
في
العراق
وأتم
دراسته
في
أوروبا
حيث
حصل
على
شهادة
الدكتوراه
من
تشيكوسلوفاكيا
.
لقد
لعب
الكورد
في
إيران
دورا
سياسيا
مهما
في
النضال
من
اجل
استقلال
كوردستان
وان
قيام
جمهورية
مهاباد
سنة
1945
والتي
استمرت
قرابة
عام
واحد
تقريبا
والتي
تم
قمعها
بقوة
السلاح
وتكالب
القوى
الدولية
المتمثلة
بالاتحاد
السوفيتي
سابقا
وبريطانيا
والولايات
المتحدة
الأميركية
ونظام
الشاه
في
إنهاء
هذه
الجمهورية
الفتية
والتآمر
على
قمعها
لا
لشيء
الا
لتلبية
مصالح
دولهم
على
حساب
كرامة
واستقلال
الشعب
الكوردي
.
استمرت
المؤامرات
واستمر
القمع
تجاه
الشعب
الكوردي
في
كوردستان
إيران
من
قبل
الشاه
،
وبعد
حكم
الشاه
في
الحقبة
التي
أعقبتها
من
التغيير
وخلال
تسلم
الخميني
مقاليد
وزعامة
الحكم
في
إيران
وقيام
الجمهورية
الإسلامية
الإيرانية
،
كما
واستمرت
المؤامرات
على
الشعب
الكوردي
في
باقي
أجزاء
كوردستان
الأخرى
مثل
العراق
وتركيا
وسوريا
.
انتخب
عام
١٩٧٣
سكرتيرا
للحزب
الديمقراطي
الكوردستاني
الإيراني
بينما
كان
يعمل
محاضرا
في
جامعة
براغ
بتشيكوسلوفاكيا
،
قبل
أن
ينتقل
إلى
فرنسا
ليعمل
في
جامعة
السوربون
أستاذا
في
اللغة
والتاريخ
الكوردي
. في
أواخر
عام
١٩٧٨
عاد
إلى
كوردستان
الإيرانية
ليؤسس
هناك
فروعا
لحزبه
،
واستولى
أتباعه
على
مقاليد
الأمور
بالمناطق
الكوردية
في
الاضطرابات
التي
عمت
البلاد
خلال
الثورة
الإيرانية
. في
أعقاب
الثورة
الإسلامية
شعر
الكورد
بسير
الأمور
ضدهم
،
حيث
منعوا
من
المشاركة
في
كتابة
الدستور
الإيراني
عام
١٩٧٩
،
ولم
يحصلوا
في
ذلك
الدستور
على
ما
يعتبرونه
حقوقا
قومية
،
فجرت
مواجهات
مسلحة
بين
الكورد
والقوات
الحكومية
كان
دور
قاسملو
فيها
قياديا
،
وتم
إعدام
أعداد
كبيرة
من
الكورد
الإيرانيين
في
محاكم
خلخالي
الشهيرة
.
حصل
قاسملو
على
دعم
العراق
في
مواجهته
للحكم
الإيراني
،
لكن
ذلك
الدعم
لم
يكن
كافيا
لمواجهة
القوات
الإيرانية
التي
أخمدت
الحركة
الكوردية
بقوة
.
حاول
بعد
ذلك
تحقيق
مكاسب
لشعبه
عن
طريق
المفاوضات
،
وبعد
انتهاء
الحرب
العراقية
الإيرانية
في
آب
١٩٨٨
،
دعي
قاسملو
للحوار
مع
وفد
إيراني
رسمي
في
فيينا
،
لكن
الدعوة
كانت
على
ما
يبدو
محاولة
لإيقاع
الزعيم
الكوردي
في
فخ
إيراني
.
فخلال
وجوده
في
فيينا
لغرض
التفاوض
مع
الوفد
الإيراني
تم
اغتيال
الدكتور
عبد
الرحمن
قاسملو
رئيس
الحزب
الديمقراطي
الكوردستاني
بمدينة
فيينا
عاصمة
النمسا
في
13
من
تموز
1989
مع
اثنين
من
رفاقه
على
أيدي
عناصر
المخابرات
الإيرانية
.

Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou was born on December 22, 1930 in
Ourmiah, Kurdistan, Iran. He went to a
university in Paris and later Czechoslovakia,
graduated with a Doctorate degree in economics and was
an associate professor, teaching in Prague and Paris.
In August 16,1945 when the Kurdish national movement was
going on and the Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan
was founded, Ghassemlou joined when he was 14 years
old. When Ghassemlou came back from Europe in 1952 he
was committed to work on protecting, educating and
organizing the Kurdish population for few years and
spilt his time between Europe and Kurdistan, working on
his university career and his missions to Kurdistan. In
1959 the Kurdish population were hopeful when the Iraqi
monarchy had been overthrown and Mulla Mustafa Barzani
had returned after an eleven-year exile in the former
USSR. Baghdad agreed to the idea of autonomy for the
Kurdish population of Iraq.
In Iran however,
the DPIK renewed their struggle in the 1968-69 conflict
with the Shah's armies, it was a massacre of the Kurdish
leaders and yet Kurdish opposition was not broken and
its head still rose. During the third Congress of the
DPIK in 1973, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou was elected
Secretary-general. As the years followed, the regime of
Iran began to diminish, the SAVAK was active throughout
the country, no social class was being spared its
beneficial attentions, and there were questions about
the position of the DPIK, its identity, allegiance,
aspirations and its options. Ghassemlou and his aides
drew up a realistic list of just that. Without
democracy in Iran there could be no guarantee for
autonomy in Kurdistan. Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou saw that
these two concepts were undividable and so they became
the watchword of the Democratic Party of Iranian
Kurdistan: Democracy for Iran, autonomy for
Kurdistan. His declaration had not gained the
friendship of Third World countries and modern
democracies; Ghassemlou was always welcomed when he went
overseas and had encouragement and help from many
humanitarian organizations, well-known figures in
political and university life thought highly of hime,
human rights and religious militants encouraged him
throughout his life. Thanks to Ghassemlou's everlasting
courage, Iranian Kurds were able to surface from
seclusion and have the international community hear
their voices.
In February of
1979 Reza Pahlavi of Iran gave up the throne, DPIK
wanted control over their territory so they had to
remove the army and police, the Peshmergas took up that
task; capturing large supply of arms and ammunition.
Ghassemlou was able to obtain a large part of
Kurdistan. After Iran's revolution, elections were
considered and a new constitution was being written for
the country. Ghassemlou was elected to the Assembly of
experts and set to carry the message of the Kurds to the
capital - the message: there is room for all in this
country where everything needs doing or re-doing.
Unfortunately
Imam Khomeini did not agree, he considered the elected
delegate fo the Kurds an "enemy of God" and declared a
"holy war" on Kurdistan. The Gulf War broke out the
following September, the conflict between Iran and Iraq
(1980-88) was costly to the Kurds because their villages
lay on either side of the frontier where the fighting
was brutal and they were accused of being
anti-patriotic, their villages were destroyed, people
living there reduced to a nomadic life. Iran came out
of the war with Iraq shattered and close to the Imam's
death. Tehran had to cooperate with the Kurds,
Ghassemlou had been saying for years that fighting had
been imposed on him, that neither side would ever lose
or win and that soon or later the Kurdish problem would
have to be solved across the negotiating table. Tehran
proposed for a meeting in Vienna on December 28, 1988
and the DPIK accept it. The talks lasted two days,
December 28 and 30 and it was agreed to hold another
meeting in January. On 20 January, at the end of the
first round of negotiations autonomy seemed to have been
agreed to but details were not defined yet.
Six months
later, AbdulRahman Ghassemlou returned to Europe to
attend a congress of the Socialist International, Tehran
sent him another offer to work at negotiations started
last winter, meeting was agreed on July 12, 1989 in
Vienna. The following day, in the very room where the
negotiations took place, three bullets fired at very
close range killed Ghassemlou. He was buried in Paris
on July 20, 1989 in the presence of some two thousand
people including Kurds, Armenians, Azeris, Turks,
Persians, Europeans, poets, doctors, ministers,
workpeople, representatives of humanitarian
organizations and members of parliament. AbdulRahmann
Ghassemlou was a courageous man, a persuasive speaker
and very well known diplomatic figure outside of
Kurdistan, especially in Europe. |