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§ 1  The Kingdom of Bosnia and Hercegovina is a democracy
(1)
guided by respect for all its citizens and inhabitants.
(2)
§ 2  The powers of state are divided into three independent bodies
(3) these being :
a)  the body politic being parliament, the cabinet and the political instruments of
state
§ 3  The political powers of state are based upon principles of indirect and
direct democracy, (5)
excersized through elections with universal suffrage where each citizen over the age of
eighteen has one vote.
§ 4  The judiciary body is guided by the following principles :(6)
a)  that there is an objective justice where each an every legal problem can be
solved and
§ 5  The protective body shall ensure that all citizens and inhabitants are protected
against excesses by any body of government with particular reference to :
a)  the rights of each citizen and inhabitant to enjoy their natural freedoms as
expressed in the inalienable human rights guaranteed by the laws of nature and this
constitution
Whilst the present constitutions of the western democracies were established at a time when
the influence of the state was on a level which did not threaten the individuals of the state
the present constitution aims at ensuring the individual those rights which he or she normally
should enjoy in a democracy properly understood.
2.  It has long been debated whether
a kingdom or a pluralistic republic would best benefit peace. In the case of Bosnia and
Hercegovina it would seem a kingdom is more likely to give political stability to the country
and further to counter-balance the present franctionalism which merely perpetuates rivalry
and poses a threat to future peace.
3.  Montesquieu divided the
functions of state into three entities, the executive, the legislative and the judiciary.
However, in present democracies the executive being the Cabinet and the judiciary being
Parliament emanate from the same source showing that Montesquieu’s principle in fact applies
to monarchies guided by a certain rule of law rather than to a democracy.
4.  The judiciary powers within a
state tend to go away from an implementation of justice when the state becomes sufficiently
strong. Indirect democracy of the sort practiced in most European states gives the political
powers of state freedom which is invariably used to limit the judicial rights of the individual.
The rights of the individual and the purpose of the judiciary body can be more than just a
letter by introducing a protective power linked to the king himself.
5.  Without a semblance of direct
democracy the people tend to become subjects rather than citizens of the state.
6.  A legal system without a uniform
approach to issues of jurisprudence cannot function equally in each case. Furthermore, the laws
of the Kingdom could not in any manner be understood by a layman.
7.  Legal terms must be given a
uniform meaning independent of the considerations of the legislative body. The travaux
preparatoires of Parliament or any part of the Political body can thus not be used as sources
of law while legal commentaries and analyses in doctrine are of value. The laws must further,
be interpreted so that each party must be able to see how the court has reasoned in relation
to all the defined legal issues raised by the parties. It shall furthermore, be impossible to
interpret laws other than in a rational manner.
8.  There are limits to this
freedom of choice. If a judge is not available the parties must chose somebody else. The
parties must furthermore chose jointly a judge within a reasonable time limit.
9.  Unnecessary red tape as well
as interpretations suggesting iniquity in the application of administrative and social
legislation is not beneficial to the individual and complicates the implementation of
government programmes with unnecessary costs for personnel.
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| PART TWO - HUMAN RIGHTS | ||